Abstract
Arcan shear tests with digital image correlation were used to evaluate the shear modulus and shear stress–strain diagrams in the plane defined by two principal axes of the material orthotropy. Two different orientation of the grain direction as compared to the direction of the shear force in specimens were considered: perpendicular and parallel shear. Two different ways were used to obtain the elastic properties based on the digital image correlation (DIC) results from the full-field measurement and from the virtual strain gauges with the linear strains: perpendicular to each other and directed at the angle of π/4 to the shearing load. In addition, the own continuum structural model for the failure analysis in the experimental tests was used. Constitutive relationships of the model were established in the framework of the mathematical multi-surface elastoplasticity for the plane stress state. The numerical simulations done by the finite element program after implementation of the model demonstrated the failure mechanisms from the experimental tests.
Highlights
Wood is an organic, naturally grown material and is commonly used for creating all kinds of goods and structures in many branches of industry
The tracheids are long, thin cells organized in a way that their length is parallel to the length of the log and are the main source of the wood strength
The micro-scale built is a basis for understanding the macro behavior and strength of clear wood, which is generally high in the longitudinal direction, where the tracheid’s generate strength, and low in the two other directions, i.e., radial and tangential, where the lignin matrix has lower mechanical properties
Summary
Naturally grown material and is commonly used for creating all kinds of goods and structures in many branches of industry. This is important especially while examining the shearing tests have been performed using many techniques, the increaseshearing of LR planetechnology of orthotropy withitthe direction of the loadinformation (P) parallel with ment in measuring makes possible today to shearing gather more and the longitudinal material axis (L). The experimental determination of the wood behavior in shear has always been influenced by difficulties in obtaining a pure and uniform shear state This issue resulted in many different experimental methods: the Arcan test, off-axis tests, Iosipescu test, four-point bending test, etc. The work in [6] is of significant importance because it gives the shear constants in all three material planes at two load-to-material axes directions, which are rarely obtained due to the labor-intensive nature of such tests.
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