Abstract
Protein kinase C-δ (PKC-δ) is an important protein in the immune system of higher vertebrates. Lampreys, as the most primitive vertebrates, have a uniquevariable lymphocyte receptor (VLR) immune system. PKC-δ-like is a crucial functional gene in lampreys and is highly expressed in their immune organs. In this study, lampreys were stimulated with different immunogens, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was found to increase the expression of PKC-δ-like. Overexpression of PKC-δ-like could also effectively activate the innate immune response. We further demonstrated that PKC-δ-like-CF, a catalytic fragment of PKC-δ-like, is responsible for activating the innate immune response, and Thr-211, which is Thr-419 of PKC-δ-like, was confirmed to be the key site affecting PKC-δ-like-CF activity. These results indicated that PKC-δ-like from lamprey may have an important role in the innate immune response.
Highlights
Protein kinase C (PKC) was initially identified and characterized as a protein hydrolysis-activated kinase called protein kinase M [1,2]
We found that Protein kinase C-δ (PKC-δ)-like had a high level of expression in the supraneural body of L. japonica [22]
The results showed that the PKC-δ-like protein could be detected in the leukocytes (Figure S1)
Summary
Protein kinase C (PKC) was initially identified and characterized as a protein hydrolysis-activated kinase called protein kinase M [1,2]. Protein kinase C-δ (PKC-δ) is the first identified member of the novel PKC subfamily. It was discovered in 1986, and some articles have reported its structure and function [3,4]. They are jawless vertebrates and can be traced back to 530 million years ago [13,14,15] Because of their unique evolutionary position between jawless and jawed vertebrates, lampreys are an important species for studying the evolution of the immune system [16]. The high expression level of PKC-δ-like in the supraneural body indicated that this protein might play a role in lamprey immunity. We investigated the role of PKC-δ-like from lamprey in the innate immunity
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