Determination of the resistance to organophosphate, carbamate, and pyrethroid insecticides in Panamanian Anopheles albimanus (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes

Abstract

The susceptibility of Anopheles albimanus to organophosphates, carbamates and pyrethroid insecticides was unknown in the Panama communities of Aguas Claras, Pintupo and Puente Bayano, located in the Amerindian Reservation of Madungandi. This region is considered a malaria transmission area, where An. albimanus is the main vector. The resistance to organophosphate insecticides, carbamates and pyrethroids was evaluated in field populations of the Anopheles albimanus in Panama. Progeny of An. albimanus collected in three localities in the indigenous Madugandi region were exposed to bioassays of susceptibility to organophosphate insecticides (fenitrothion, malathion and chlorpyrifos), the carbamate (propoxur) and pyrethroids (deltamethrin, lambdacyhalothrin, cyfluthrin and cypermethrin). The protocols were in accordance with those established for adult mosquitoes by World Health Organization. The three strains of the An. albimanus were resistant to the pyrethroid insecticides deltamethrin, lambdacyhalothrin, cyfluthrin and cypermethrin. Susceptibility remained for the organophosphate insecticides fenitrothion, malathion, chlorpyrifos, and the carbamate insecticide propoxur. The results provided important information to the vector control program, contributing to the application of new strategies on the use of insecticides, and thereby lengthening the life of the insecticide in use.