Abstract
Chlorfluazuron is used as a highly effective insect growth regulator to control a variety of crop pests. However, residues of this pesticide have been shown to be harmful to human health. To evaluate the residual dissipation pattern and risk for dietary intake of chlorfluazuron in various vegetables, a solid phase extraction-ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was established to analyze chlorfluazuron residues in Chinese cabbage, Chinese kale, Chinese lettuce, and cauliflower. The sample was extracted with acetonitrile and purified using an SPE amino column. The average recovery of the target sample in the analyzed four vegetables was between 75.0% and 104.1%, and the relative standard deviation was between 2.5% and 9.6%. The precision and accuracy of the analysis met the requirements of residue analysis standards. Dissipation kinetic testing of chlorfluazuron in different vegetables showed a half-life of 2.4–12.6 days, with a rapid dissipation rate. The estimated daily intake of the chlorfluazuron was 0.753–1.661 μg/(kg bw·d), and the risk quotient was 0.15–0.35. It showed that chlorfluazuron had a low risk of chronic dietary intake from vegetables in different populations in China. The results of this study has described the degradation rate of chlorfluazuron in four vegetables, evaluated the risk of dietary exposure to Chinese residents. Therefore, it provides supporting data and empirical basis for guiding the reasonable use of chlorfluazuron in vegetable production and in evaluating its dietary intake risk in vegetables.
Highlights
Chlorfluazuron is a synthetic inhibitor of insect chitin that disrupts normal exuviation by inducing malformations, thereby preventing and controlling lepidopteran pests [1,2]
The irrational application of pesticides has induced pests to develop resistance [3] and increased pollution of chlorfluazuron residues in agricultural products, including vegetables, which poses a potential threat to human health
It is necessary to study the residual behavior of chlorfluazuron in vegetables and to perform risk assessment of dietary intake
Summary
Chlorfluazuron is a synthetic inhibitor of insect chitin that disrupts normal exuviation by inducing malformations, thereby preventing and controlling lepidopteran pests [1,2]. It is necessary to study the residual behavior of chlorfluazuron in vegetables and to perform risk assessment of dietary intake. Et al presented results on the persistence of chlorfluazuron in cabbage and its risk assessment [11]. The residual behavior and risk assessment of chlorfluazuron from vegetables in China have not been reported to date. We describe an UPLC-MS/MS (ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) residue analysis method for chlorfluazuron in various vegetables (Chinese cabbage, Chinese kale, Chinese lettuce, and cauliflower) was established. We built a SPE (solid phase extraction)-UPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of chlorfluazuron, and investigated the dissipation kinetics and performed risk assessment of dietary intake by implementing the standardized field residue test
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