Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effect of maternally derived antibody (MDA) on live vaccine against infectious bursal disease. A total of 140 chicks selected from vaccinated parent stock were used in this investigation. In a preset vaccination schedule, blood samples were collected to check for the actual effect. It was noticed that on day 1 the chicks contained a high level (6400.54 ± 2993.67) of maternally derived antibody that gradually decreased below a positive level within 21 days (365.86 ± 634.46). It was found that a high level of MDA interferes with the vaccine virus, resulting in no immune response. For better immune response, it is suggested that the chickens should be vaccinated at day 21, as the uniformity of MDA is poor (coefficient of the variation [CV] > 30%), and boosted at day 28. Indeed, two vaccinations are necessary to achieve good protection against infectious bursal disease virus of the entire flock.
Highlights
Infectious bursal disease (IBD), known as Gumboro disease, which is caused by a member of the Birnaviridae family, genus Avibirnavirus (Murphy et al 1999), is responsible for an acute and highly contagious viral infection for young chicks (Lukert & Saif 1991)
The results of Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests for maternally derived antibody (MDA) performed on the blood of chicks obtained from vaccinated parent stock (Table 1) revealed that the antibodies of non-vaccinated chicks decreased continuously from day 1 to day 28 after hatching
The level of MDA was high at days 1 and 7 (6400.54 ± 2993.67 and 6294.18 ± 2525.21, respectively)
Summary
Infectious bursal disease (IBD), known as Gumboro disease, which is caused by a member of the Birnaviridae family, genus Avibirnavirus (Murphy et al 1999), is responsible for an acute and highly contagious viral infection for young chicks (Lukert & Saif 1991). Devastating outbreaks of the disease have been reported in many parts of the world (Farooq et al 2003) and recently in the United States of America (Jackwood et al 2009). The importance of the disease is reflected by the high mortality (Anjum, Sabri & Jamshidi 1994), reduced productivity amongst infected chicks (Shane, Lasher & Paxton 1994) and increased susceptibility to other infections. The same authors reported that infection may result in up to 50% morbidity, but mortality is rarely above a threshold of 3% in flocks that are 3–6 weeks old. The disease causes significant economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide (Mahmood et al 2006; Müller et al 2012; Uddin et al 2010)
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