Determination of the optimal DR capacity for a commercial building with chiller system and energy storage system

Abstract

Demand response (DR), which is used to shave the peak demand for securing supply reliability in a power system, is one of the promising constitutions for the end users. In a commercial building (COB), the most popular adjustable DR resource (DRR) is the chiller system. More specifically, its power consumption can be reduced by thermal mass control (precooling) in a specified DR duration. On the other hand, installation of energy storage systems (ESSs) is going on at an accelerated pace because of its high economic efficiency. ESSs have been used for peak‐shift operation under the time‐of‐use (TOU) tariff. However, ESS can be also used as an attractive DRR because it can reduce the net load by discharging the ESS for a specified DR duration. Based on this background, this paper presents a method for determining the optimal DR capacity in a COB with a chiller system and ESS. In the proposed scheme, the optimal DR capacity (kW) can be determined so that the total expected cost of a COB becomes minimum by using the chiller system and ESS while avoiding the DR penalty threat adopted in the Korean DR market. Uncertainty in the ambient temperature, the amount of reduction, and DR durations are considered as the scenarios. The estimation and economic evaluation of the proposed scheme is ascertained through case studies. © 2017 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.