Abstract
The abundance of potential genotoxins makes it necessary to improve microbial test systems that allow to identify these substances quickly. At the same time, the methodology of metabolic activation of promutagens in vitro is very important. Microsomal preparations of rodents, which are generally used for that, have significant disadvantages associated with the potential health risks of the inducers of the metabolism of microsomal cytochromes. For the metabolic activation of promutagens, we have developed a protocol of microsomal homogenate fraction (S-9) preparation. We propose to complement the set of methods for quality control of feeds for valuable and rare chicken breeds with the Ames test (Salmonella/microsome) using the activated chicken hepatic S-9 homogenate fraction.
Highlights
Quality control of feed, mixed fodders and mixed fodder raw materials is an important requirement for increasing productivity in poultry farming (Guerre, 2016)
The Ames test is based on the detection of reversion to the wild type of mutated histidine cells (His-) on a media lacking in histidine (Ames et al, 1975)
One of the biggest drawbacks of all bacterial test systems is the lack of the xenobiotics metabolic biodegradation system inherent in vertebrates, so the metabolic activation of the test sample is a mandatory stage of screening using bacterial tests
Summary
Quality control of feed, mixed fodders and mixed fodder raw materials is an important requirement for increasing productivity in poultry farming (Guerre, 2016). The feed quality control does not provide the exhaustive analysis of the presence of potential genotoxins, which can result, when using these feeds, in increasing the genetic load in both birds and humans. For screening of potential mutagens for humans, microbial test systems are widely used (Biran et al, 2010). The basis for such an approach was provided by Bruce Ames, author of the Salmonella/microsome test. One of the biggest drawbacks of all bacterial test systems is the lack of the xenobiotics metabolic biodegradation system inherent in vertebrates, so the metabolic activation of the test sample is a mandatory stage of screening using bacterial tests. Hepatic S-9 homogenate fraction contains microsomes and cytosol with the main metabolic enzymes of both I and II phases of the metabolism: cytochrome P450, flavin monooxygenase, aldehyde oxidase, glutathione transferase, monoamine oxidase, UDP (uridine 5-diphosphate glucoronosyl transferase) and others
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