Determination of the Model Basis for Assessing the Vehicle Energy Efficiency in Urban Traffic

Miroslaw Śmieszek,Liudmyla Tarandushka,Nataliia Kostian,Jakub Mościszewski,Vasyl Mateichyk

doi:10.3390/en14248538

Miroslaw Śmieszek, Liudmyla Tarandushka + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/en14248538

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Abstract

The paper studies the problem of assessing the vehicle energy efficiency on the streets of urban road network. As a result of morphological analysis of the system “Vehicle—Traffic flow—Road—Traffic Environment” 18 significant morphological attributes of its functional elements, that affect the energy efficiency of vehicles, were identified. Each attribute is characterized by 3–6 implementation variants, which are evaluated by the relevant quantitative or qualitative parameters. The energy efficiency of vehicles is determined by the criteria of their energy consumption considering the vehicle category, type of energy unit, mode of vehicle movement and adjustment factors—road, climatic and others. The input parameters values of the system in the process of traffic flow on the linear fragments of streets and road networks of the cities of Ukraine and Poland were measured. The set of independent system parameters is determined by applying the Farrar-Glober method based on statistical estimates. The specified set is the basis of the studied system and is formed of 10 independent input parameters. The presence in the basis of parameters that correspond to the morphological features of all four functional elements, confirmed the importance of these elements of the system. The mathematical dependence of the impact of vehicle characteristics, traffic flow, road and environment on vehicle energy efficiency is built. The standard deviation of the model values from the tabular ones equals σ´=0.0091. Relative standard deviation equals S´r=1.5%. The results of the study could be used in the development of new and optimization of existing intelligent traffic control systems of urban transport.

Highlights

The development of the world economy and population growth inevitably led to an increase in freight and passenger traffic
Inefficient traffic control and poorly designed urban road network causes unnecessary energy consumption while the vehicle is driving in heavy traffic or idling in traffic jams
The movement of traffic flows on the urban road network forms a complex system, the internal processes of which occur according to certain laws, the mathematical representation of which is necessary to assess both individual processes and the efficiency of the system

Summary

Introduction

The development of the world economy and population growth inevitably led to an increase in freight and passenger traffic. Around 70% of the European Union population lives in urban areas (cities, towns and suburbs) and generate around 85% of European Union’s GDP [1]. Urbanization coupled with motorization directly causes several issues, such as environmental pollution by harmful emissions and noise, congestion, and accidents. Urban transport is still mainly based on conventional private passenger vehicles equipped with internal combustion engines, which are the main sources of greenhouse gas emissions. Around 40% of all CO2 emissions from transport and up to 70% of other pollutants generated by transport are emitted by urban traffic [2]. Idling fuel consumption of conventional vehicles can be as high as 15 mL per minute [3]. Conventional vehicles are still emitting exhaust gases while idling, they are polluting air under idling conditions.

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