Determination of the metabolites of nitrofuran antibiotics in animal tissue by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Abstract

A LC–MS–MS method is presented to analyse simultaneously the metabolites of four nitrofuran antibacterial agents, furazolidone, furaltadone, nitrofurazone and nitrofurantoin in animal muscle tissue. Sample clean-up and analyte enrichment was performed by solid-phase extraction (SPE) with a polystyrene sorbent following combined hydrolysis of the protein-bound drug metabolites and derivatisation of the homogenised tissue with 2-nitrobenzaldehyde. Limits of detection of 0.5–5 ng g −1 tissue and limits of determination of 2.5–10 ng g −1 tissue were achieved using electrospray ionisation in positive mode. Analyte identification and quantification was performed according to EU guidelines, using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) with one precursor ion and two product ions as identifiers. The use of an internal standard in combination with the simplified sample preparation led to a sensitive and reliable analysis method. The yield of the derivatisation reaction was between 66 and 74% and the recovery of SPE reached 92–105% for all values between 10 and 500 ng g −1. The developed analytical protocol has been applied to contaminated tissue samples of furazolidone- and furaltadone-treated pigs and allowed unequivocal identification and quantification of the metabolites.