Determination of the Mechanical Properties of Hot Stamped Parts from Numerical Simulations

Abstract

Hot stamping is a well-established process in car manufacturing today. However, the resulting mechanical properties of a hot stamped part and its behaviour during a crash are still open questions. The usual procedure includes destructive experiments to determine the mechanical properties resulting from the forming and quenching process. The gained information is then used for crash simulation. Using images from micrographs to determine the proportion of bainite and martensite resulting from the hot stamping process has proved to be difficult, as these structures are fairly similar and hard to distinguish.Sophisticated numerical simulations of the hot stamping process are available. The hardness resulting from the hot stamping process can be predicted fairly well from these process simulations. However, information like the tensile strength that is more relevant for the crash behaviour cannot be predicted that easily. It is not yet state of the art to map the results from the hot stamping simulation directly into the crash simulation. The approach to be presented in detail in this contribution uses the forming speed and the quenching velocity to predict the relevant mechanical properties of the hot stamped parts. Both input parameters, the forming speed and the quenching velocity, can be derived from the numerical hot stamping simulation. By means of experiments using a thermomechanical test system Gleeble well defined process parameters were used. Micro tensile test specimens were manufactured out of the Gleeble specimens to eliminate the effect of the Gaussian temperature profile created during the Gleeble experiments. Afterwards, tensile tests were carried out to derive a response surface for 22MnB5. The validated results allow the determination of the tensile strength of hot stamped parts from the numerical simulation of the hot stamping process with good accuracy.