Abstract
In the laminated ferromagnetic cores employed in transformers and electrical machines energy losses occur resulting in a warming effect and efficiency decrease. Normally, manufacturers only provide iron losses data when a sinusoidal voltage supply is applied, but the actual operating characteristics of electrical machines include non-sinusoidal supplies, in particular pulse-width modulation (PWM). This information can be experimentally obtained, but only measuring systems that have function generators with arbitrarily programmable waveforms allow measurements in the presence of higher harmonics. Therefore, having an analytical tool to obtain the most accurate estimation of the magnetic losses is of great interest in addressing the design of electric machines. This paper validates an analytical-expression-based procedure, which delivers results with acceptable accuracy under all operating conditions for the estimation of losses in laminated cores. In addition, it investigates the influence of the modulation amplitude and the switching frequency of the PWM signals in the magnetic losses of soft magnetic materials. For this purpose, non-oriented fully processed electrical steel strips have been measured in a commercial AC permeameter using a single strip tester.
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