Abstract
The present study seeks to determine the water quality of wells located in the Jouamaa Hakama commune (Northern Morocco). In this order, nine water samples were collected from wells used by local residents during two sampling campaigns in December 2016 and June 2017. The samples collection was followed by the laboratory analysis for measuring the water Physico-chemical characteristics including pH, temperature (T°), Conductivity (Cond), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Suspended Matter (SM), Turbidity, Nitrite, Nitrate, Ammonium and Phosphate. Also, spatial data analysis has been done using Geographic Information System (GIS) by ArcGis software to show a statics map with significant water quality information for the studied wells. The spatial analysis showed higher concentrations exceed the Moroccan groundwater quality values in P6 and P8 for the EC in 2016 and 2017. Similarly, for the turbidity, higher values recorded in P8, while the DO concentration was significant in P6, P8 and P9, other sampling points indicate values close and inferior to water quality standards. P3, P4, and P8 showed higher Ammonium, Nitrite and phosphate values during the summer period of 2017. The analysis results shed light on contamination factors: domestic activities and agricultural activities in urban zones (Hakama and Jouamaa). However, the use of these waters could pose a risk to the health of human and animals. Similarly, The GIS is a practical, innovative and effective tool for the Jouamaa groundwater quality diagnostic and could help decision-makers establish solutions.
Highlights
Groundwater is a vital source commonly used for irrigation, industrial water supply and drinking water in urban and rural areas
For the turbidity, higher values recorded in P8, while the Dissolved Oxygen (DO) concentration was significant in P6, P8 and P9, other sampling points indicate values close and inferior to water quality standards
The study area, about 17 km far from Tangier, is located downstream of the wastewater discharges treated by the STEP Chrafate, which treats the wastewater from the Tanger Automotive City (TAC) industrial zone
Summary
Groundwater is a vital source commonly used for irrigation, industrial water supply and drinking water in urban and rural areas. About 50% of drinking water and 43% of the water used in agriculture worldwide come from groundwater [1]. Jouamaa located in the north of Morocco near Tangier, precisely in the downstream part of the wastewater discharge of WWTP Chrafate. This WWTP treats wastewater received from the Tanger Automotive City (TAC) industrial zone. The present paper aims at determining the wells water quality in the Jouamaa Hakama commune by analyzing the water Physico-chemical parameters and using GIS as a tool, allowing more understanding of the quality indicators spatialization reveals interactions between the various phenomena acting on the functions of this study area
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