Abstract
The effects of fault impedance on overcurrent protection of electric power distribution systems are investigated in this paper. The Weibull probability distribution function is used to model fault impedance. Single-line to ground fault conditions on distribution systems are simulated with this model of fault impedance. The probabilities with which power system protection devices, such as relays, reclosers and fuses, are able to clear faults are determined. An expression to determine the probability of nondetection of faults based on a critical value of impedance is presented. The effects of fault impedance, device pickup current, source impedance, and distance of point of fault to source on the capability of protection devices to detect faults are considered. Results based on the analysis of two examples consisting of standard distribution system configurations are presented. It is determined that even small fault impedance values drastically reduce the chances of detection. The present overcurrent protection systems are shown to be inadequate for protection against high impedance faults.
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