Determination of the Impact of Various Commonly Consumed Beverages on the Colour Stability of Universal Nanohybrid, Nanofilled, and Microhybrid Composite Resins: An In-vitro Spectrophotometric Study

Abstract

Introduction: The challenge in restorative dentistry is related to changes in the colour of composite over time when exposed to a variety of common beverages, which necessitates additional expenses for the patients. Aim: To compare the colour changes of various composites currently available on the market after exposure to commonly consumed beverages. Materials and Methods: This in-vitro study was conducted from May 2022 to December 2022 in the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics at Karnavati School of Dentistry in Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India. A total of 120 disc-shaped composite pellets, with 40 specimens for each type of composite (nanohybrid, nanofilled, and microhybrid), measuring 6×2 mm, were prepared and divided into four subgroups based on the beverages used (Distilled water, coca-cola, Tea, and Coffee). The samples were submerged in the respective beverages and kept at 37°C for seven days. Colour assessment was performed using a spectrophotometer before and after immersion. The obtained Commission International de l Eclairage (CIE) ΔE values were recorded after measuring the CIE L*a*b* values. Data analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20.0, utilising a paired t-test, post hoc Tukey’s test, and one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). A significance level of p<0.05 was used. Result: Among all the beverages, the nanofilled composite showed the highest mean colour change, while the nanohybrid composite exhibited the lowest. Overall, the greatest colour change was observed with tea, followed by coffee, coca-cola, and the least with distilled water. In tea, coffee, and cocacola, the nanohybrid composite and nanofilled composite showed a statistically significant difference in mean colour change: 16.74 (p<0.001), -7.29 (p<0.001), and -1.02 (p=0.018), respectively. However, the difference between the nanohybrid and microhybrid composite was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: The nanohybrid composite demonstrated the least mean colour change, followed by the microhybrid composite, while the nanofilled composite exhibited the highest colour change.