Determination of the fate of three Fusarium mycotoxins through wet‐milling of maize using an improved HPLC analytical technique

Abstract

The fate of three Fusarium mycotoxins, nivalenol (NIV), deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN), all common contaminants in New Zealand‐grown maize, has been measured in fractions of maize after passage through a commercial wet‐milling plant. Distribution of the three toxins follows a pattern reasonably expected from their physical solubility characteristics. The highly water‐soluble mycotoxins, NIV and DON, were found at high concentrations (up to 8.8 mg/kg) in concentrated steep liquor (CSL) fractions, but at low levels (less than 0.3 mg/kg) in the solid (germ, fibre and gluten) fractions. The converse was true for ZEN, which is relatively insoluble in water. For ZEN, the maximum concentration found in CSL was 0.6 mg/kg compared with 2.2–4.8 mg/kg in germ, fibre and gluten fractions. Accordingly, an animal food byproduct composed mainly of pressed fibre and concentrated steep liquor was usually found to contain concentrations of all three mycotoxins above those existing in the input maize. A single sample of corn oil recovered during the study also had a high concentration (4.6 mg/kg) of ZEN. The analytical clean‐up method used converts all trichothecenes present to parent alcohols, therefore results are indicative of total trichothecene content. HPLC analytical conditions suitable for the analysis of NIV and DON in complex process grain products are also described.