Determination of the Effects of Some Additives Added to the Mixture of Diesel and Safflower Biodiesel on Engine Performance

Abstract

In this study, fuel properties and engine performance values of biodiesel fuel (B100) and alternative blended fuels containing different volumetric amounts of diesel (M100), biodiesel (B100) and n-butanol (BU) or n-pentanol (P) (diesel / biodiesel / n-butanol and diesel / biodiesel / n-pentanol) were evaluated in comparison with the reference diesel fuel (M100). In addition, the effects of EHN on fuel properties and emission values have been examined by adding 2-Ethylhexyl nitrate (EHN) cetane improver additive to mixture fuels at a concentration of 2000 ppm. Engine performance tests of all fuels and mixtures were carried out in a four-cylinder, four-stroke, and direct injection diesel engine at different speeds and full load conditions. 
 Fuel properties of diesel, biodiesel and blended fuels have been determined that in harmony with the biodiesel and diesel fuel standards. When the engine performance results for all fuels and blends were evaluated, the maximum engine power, engine torque, and the minimum specific fuel consumption were realized in M100 fuel with values of respectively 63.3 kW (2100 min-1), 339.65 Nm (1300 min-1), and 256.53 g kWh-1 (1600 min-1). Among the blended fuels, the closest results to M100 fuel in terms of engine performance were obtained from M85B10P5 + EHN fuel. Besides, mixed fuels containing n-pentanol showed better performance results than blended fuels containing n-butanol.