Abstract
Water level management is an effective way to promote ecological restoration of shallow lakes. However, efforts to achieve an ecologically suitable water level often emphasize keeping water above the minimum water level and reducing water level fluctuations, but ignore the purpose of maintaining the ecosystem's stability and health. In this paper, we developed a PCLake model to determine the optimal monthly ecological water level with the goals of stably achieving clear water and maintaining ecosystem health. We simulated the regime shifts between eutrophic and oligotrophic in China's Baiyangdian Lake, and determined that the critical P loadings during eutrophication and oligotrophication were 1.57 and 0.835 mg/m2/day, respectively. The annual and monthly optimal water levels ranged from 7.8 to 8.6 m and from 7.6 to 8.6 m, respectively. Our results provide a scientific basis for the ecological restoration of Baiyangdian Lake.
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