Abstract
Econea®, or 4-bromo-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile, is a new type of environmentally friendly anti-fouling compound used in the immersed coatings of commercial sea going vessels. This paper reports the development of a new analytical method to directly detect the active biocide Econea® in an artificial sea water matrix using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The developed method is both rapid and sensitive, with a limit of detection of 0.05 μg/L and a limit of quantitation of 0.17 μg/L in artificial seawater. The subsequent developed method was then applied to investigate the biocide’s release from a commercially available Econea® containing paint immersed in artificial sea water over a 45-day period. It was found that the average release rate of Econea® from this paint was 4.3 ± 0.6 μg cm−2 d−1.
Highlights
The anti-fouling of the immersed hull of commercial boats, ships and yachts is an important economic consideration for transporting products and people across the earth’s maritime environment
Combined with solid phase extraction is capable operating with a detection limit of 0.05 μg/L
It should be noted that this method does not quantitate so μg/L in an artificial sea water sample
Summary
The anti-fouling of the immersed hull of commercial boats, ships and yachts is an important economic consideration for transporting products and people across the earth’s maritime environment. As part of a research programme to develop novel marine coatings with enhanced controlled cabinet at 50 ± 5 ◦ C for between 4 h and a maximum of 24 ®h This method allows a level of release characteristics, a sensitive method for detection of Econea in sea water, in preference to quantification of BCCPCA of It1.87. The commercially paint is been an anti‐fouling thatthe uses an ablative action, and contains two biocidal [9] This water [8]; available work has reportedpaint using more sensitive technique of LC-MS/MS compounds, Econea®, and zinc pyrithione, as well as number of other components that aid its paper outlines a HPLC-ESI-MS method for the determination of Econea in artificial seawater and its performance in other aspects of its utility [10]. Deionised water was prepared from distilled water purified using a Milli‐Q‐system
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