Abstract

This article introduces a BackfillCAD model that relates to the determination of the backfilling time. The relationship of the individual model modules using a flow chart are characterized and presented. The main aim of the research was to determine the time of backfilling for the prospective deposits of zinc and lead ores in the Olkusz region in Poland. In the first stage of the research, laboratory tests were carried out on the backfilling mixture consisting of sand and water in a 1:1 volume ratio. In the laboratory tests, the content of grains below 0.1 mm, the washability, water permeability, and compressibility of the backfilling mixture were determined. After the standard requirements were met by the backfilling mixture, the arrangement of one-way and bidirectional strip excavations was designed. In the next stages, by means of computer aided-design MineScape software, maximum thicknesses of the ore-bearing dolomite layer (T21_VI) for four geological cross-sections were determined. The height of the first backfilled layer with a thickness of 5 m was analyzed. Taking into account the geometrical parameters of the strip—the maximum length and its width and height, as well as the capacity of the backfilling installation—this study calculated the backfilling times for the future strip excavations.

Highlights

  • Underground exploitation of useful minerals poses a number of problems related to the necessity to fill various types of voids

  • Feng et al [2] stated that solid backfilling mining is a green mining technology

  • For the prospective zinc and lead ore deposit, this study modeled the deposition of rock mass layers

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Summary

Introduction

Underground exploitation of useful minerals poses a number of problems related to the necessity to fill various types of voids. Other cases of the necessity to use a backfilling result from the occurrence of failures related to the existing natural hazards, in particular rock bursts, or from special conditions and technology of exploitation, e.g., the need to maintain and strengthen the roadways. Huang et al [14] divided solid backfilling mining materials into gangue, fly ash, aeolian sand, loess, and mineral waste residue. Skrzypkowski [19], by means of numerical modelling, proved that sand backfilling contributes to the increase of the stability of excavations in the room and pillar methods. Regardless of the type of backfilling, the tests always concern determination of geotechnical parameters in laboratory conditions, numerical modelling, or industrial research on the behavior of excavations filled with backfilling material. The use of the MineScape program made it possible to determine the places of arrangement of preparatory and operational excavations, for which the times of backfilling of strip excavations both in one-way and bidirectionally were calculated

BackfillCAD Model
Laboratory
Laboratory Tests of the Backfilling Mixture
Determination of the Washability of the Backfilling Material
Determination of the Compressibility of the Backfilling Mixture
Backfilling Time for the Future Exploitation Area and Discussion
11. Block diagram of the strip-mining excavation:
13. Time-length
Findings
Conclusions
Full Text
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