Abstract
Additive Manufacturing techniques provide completely new possibilities in component design and creation of innovative material structures. To utilize the whole potential of Additive Manufacturing, the microstructure, the mechanical properties and their interrelations as well as their relationship to the Additive Manufacturing process parameters are essential. Investigations of the fatigue behaviour of additively manufactured (AM-) metallic materials are still available in limited extent. However, as a prerequisite for efficient and reliable use of AM-components in safety relevant structures, sound knowledge of fatigue behaviour and properties of these structures is indispensable. A central aspect in Additive Manufacturing is the anisotropic mechanical behaviour under monotonic and cyclic loading in dependency on the building direction [1, 2]. In the present work, the microstructure and mechanical properties of Selective Laser Melted (SLM) as well as Laser Deposition Welded (LDW) AISI 316L stainless steel specimens are investigated with special focus on the influence of the building direction. The investigated specimens are built in horizontal and vertical direction, resulting in layer planes oriented parallel and perpendicular to the loading direction, respectively. The fatigue tests have been performed on a servohydraulic testing system with measurement of stress-strain-hysteresis as well as of plastic deformation induced changes in temperature and specific electrical resistance. S-Nf-curves in the HCF-regime of AM-specimens have been determined with the time and material efficient Physically Based Lifetime calculation procedure PhyBaLLIT [3]. Anisotropic fatigue behaviour of the different AM-specimens has been rated with load increase tests (LIT) and the usage of S-Nfcurves calculated by the PhyBaLLIT method.
Highlights
Within in the last decades, Additive Manufacturing underwent an extremely progressive development
Selective Laser Melted (SLM)-specimens exhibit significantly higher porosities compared to LDWspecimens, which is caused by smaller layer thickness [14] and lower laser power [15] resulting in lower penetration depth of the laser in Selective Laser Melted (SLM-)process
SLM-V specimens exhibit lower porosity compared to SLM-Hspecimens, which may be caused by slight differences in manufacturing parameters and is not considered as a systematic difference between the microstructure of SLM-H- and SLM-V-specimens
Summary
Within in the last decades, Additive Manufacturing underwent an extremely progressive development. This technology enables possibilities in manufacturing components far beyond the limits of conventional methods, such as casting or machining. The influence of the building direction on the monotonic mechanical properties have been investigated in a large extent [1, 2, 5, 6]. In these investigations, the building direction in which the layer planes are perpendicular oriented to the loading direction (vertical building direction) show lower tensile strength compared to specimens with layer planes oriented parallel to the loading direction (horizontal building direction)
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