Abstract
This paper presents new methodology for determining the actual stress–strain diagram based on analytical equations, in combination with numerical and experimental data. The first step was to use the 3D digital image correlation (DIC) to estimate true stress–strain diagram by replacing common analytical expression for contraction with measured values. Next step was to estimate the stress concentration by using a new methodology, based on recently introduced analytical expressions and numerical verification by the finite element method (FEM), to obtain actual stress–strain diagrams, as named in this paper. The essence of new methodology is to introduce stress concentration factor into the procedure of actual stress evaluation. New methodology is then applied to determine actual stress–strain diagrams for two undermatched welded joints with different rectangular cross-section and groove shapes, made of martensitic steels X10 CrMoVNb 9-1 and Armox 500T. Results indicated that new methodology is a general one, since it is not dependent on welded joint material and geometry.
Highlights
Academic Editor: Sergei Yu TarasovReceived: 22 June 2021Accepted: 12 August 2021Published: 20 August 2021Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutralThe tensile diagram, commonly used in practice, is called engineering stress–strain diagram, with both stress and strain defined with respect to the initial, cross-section A0 and gauge length l0
finite element method (FEM) calculation are shown in Figure 7with for specimen as metal an example of tothe strains and contraction obtained by digital image correlation (DIC), show with equivalent stress distribution, Figure procedure applied
The proposed Equations (10)–(15) proved to be sound basis to determine the actual stress–strain diagrams for undermatching the welded joints made of different base metals with different welded joint geometries
Summary
Academic Editor: Sergei Yu TarasovReceived: 22 June 2021Accepted: 12 August 2021Published: 20 August 2021Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutralThe tensile diagram, commonly used in practice, is called engineering stress–strain diagram, with both stress and strain defined with respect to the initial, cross-section A0 and gauge length l0. The tensile diagram, commonly used in practice, is called engineering stress–strain diagram, with both stress and strain defined with respect to the initial, cross-section A0 and gauge length l0. For many engineering problems this approximation is good enough, because stresses and strains are close to their true values, as long as contraction and plastic strains are not significant. In the opposite case, true stress–strain diagram is a better option. In its simplest form, true stress and strains are defined as follows, [1]: with regard to jurisdictional claims in σt =.
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