Determination of synthetic by-products and an intermediate in the colour additives D&C Red Nos 27 and 28 (phloxine B) and their lakes using conventional HPLC

Abstract

Specifications in the US Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) for the colour additives D&C Red No. 27 (R27) and D&C Red No. 28 (R28) limit the levels of the synthetic by-products 2,3,4,5-tetrachloro-6-(3´,5´-dibromo-2´,4´-dihydroxybenzoyl)benzoic acid (SBBA) and “brominated resorcinol” and of the intermediate 3,4,5,6-tetrachlorophthalic acid (TCPA). The present study reports the development and application of a conventional HPLC method for the quantitative determination of these impurities in R27, R28 and their lakes. Because the CFR-listed “brominated resorcinol” refers to a group of synthetic by-products, six variously brominated resorcinols were examined as possible impurities. Due to their rapid decomposition in the presence of the dye, the existence of any brominated resorcinols in R27 and R28 is highly unlikely, and this supposition is supported by the results obtained in this study. SBBA, 2,4,6-tribromoresorcinol (Br3R, the brominated resorcinol most likely to be found as an impurity) and TCPA were quantified by using five-point calibration curves with data points (w/w) that ranged from 0.066% to 0.820% for SBBA, from 0.050% to 0.499% for Br3R, and from 0.061% to 1.410% for TCPA. The HPLC method was applied to the analysis of test portions from batches of R27, R28 and their lakes submitted to the USFDA for certification by domestic and foreign manufacturers.