Abstract
Abstract The pulp of the fruit of Sapindus saponaria (soapnut tree) consists mainly of saponin. Surface-active characteristics of this raw saponin such as critical micelle concentration, area per molecule and, hydrophilic-lipophilic balance were investigated; this information is valuable to assess its implementation in different applications of industrial interest. By using surface tension measures and dynamic light scattering studies, the value of critical micelle concentration was found in the range of 0.03 – 0.046 g mL−1. Further increase in the concentration of crude saponin leads to a constant value of surface tension (44 mN m−1). These results were analyzed using the Gibbs adsorption isotherm yielding an estimated value of the area occupied per molecule at the air/water interface of 57.2 A2. Besides, Griffin method was used to determine the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value (14.3). Sapindus saponaria extract properties are comparable to that of commercial surfactants, hence it could be used as an...
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