Abstract
A new multi-residue method for the analysis of sulfonamides (sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, sulfaguanidine and sulfamethoxazole) in non-target feeds using high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) and precolumnderivatization was developed and validated. Sulfonamides (SAs) were extracted from feed with an ethyl acetate/methanol/acetonitrile mixture. Clean-up was performed on a Strata-SCX cartridge. The HPLC separation was performed on a Zorbax Eclipse XDB C18 column with a gradient mobile phase system of acetic acid, methanol, and acetonitrile. The method was validated according to EU requirements (Commission Decision 2002/657/EC). Linearity, decision limit, detection capability, detection and quantification limits, recovery, precision, and selectivity were determined, and adequate results were obtained. Using the HPLC-FLD method, recoveries were satisfactory (79.3–114.0%), with repeatability and reproducibility in the range of 2.7–9.1% to 5.9–14.9%, respectively. Decision limit (CCα) and detection capability (CCβ) were 197.7–274.6 and 263.2–337.9 µg/kg, respectively, and limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 34.5–79.5 and 41.3–89.9 µg/kg, respectively, depending on the analyte. Results showed that this analytical procedure is simple, rapid, sensitive, and suitable for the routine control of feeds.
Highlights
IntroductionLivestock production has increased markedly, mainly due to intensive farming
During the last decades, livestock production has increased markedly, mainly due to intensive farming
This paper presents the development of a selective and sensitive method for the simultaneous analysis of five SAs using a strong cation exchange Strata-SCX cartridge extraction, fluorescamine derivatization, and high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection(HPLC-FLD) analysis
Summary
Livestock production has increased markedly, mainly due to intensive farming. Veterinary medicines are extensively used in animal husbandry in order to treat bacterial infections as well as for prophylactic purposes. One group commonly used as antibacterial drugs in both human and veterinary medicine is sulfonamides (SAs). Sulfonamides are synthetic antimicrobial compounds that are widely used to treat respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urinary tract infections [1]. Sulfonamides are high-spectrum chemotherapeutics against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and are used for the treatment of infections caused by microorganisms resistant to other antibiotics [2]. High doses of SAs may provoke strong allergic reactions, the medicines are prescribed carefully
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