Determination of Sulfonamide Residues in Honey and Milk by HPLC Coupled with Novel Graphene Oxide/Polypyrrole Foam Material-Pipette Tip Solid Phase Extraction

Abstract

A rapid, sensitive, and economical pipette tip solid phase extraction (PT-SPE) based on graphene oxide/polypyrrole (GO/PPy) coupled with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed for the extraction and determination of sulfonamides (SAs) in honey and milk samples. The PT-SPE procedure involved only 3.0 mg of adsorbent, 3 min adsorptive extraction time, and less than 1.0 mL of solvent consumption (sample, washing, or eluent). Under the optimal conditions, good linearities (0.01–10.00 μg mL−1) were obtained with correlation coefficients (r) > 0.9996. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) were in the range of 1.04–1.50 ng mL−1. Meanwhile, the proposed method was successfully applied for the analysis of SAs in honey and milk with average recoveries within 62.3–109.0% and relative standard deviations less than 11.2%. The results demonstrated that the developed PT-SPE-HPLC method was suitable for the analysis of SAs in complex matrix due to its high sensitivity and accuracy.