Determination of Suitable Macroporous Resins and Desorbents for Carnosol and Carnosic Acid from Deep Eutectic Solvent Sage (Salvia officinalis) Extract with Assessment of Antiradical and Antibacterial Activity.

Martina Jakovljević Kovač,Maja Molnar,Ines Cindrić,Valentina Pavić,Anastazija Huđ

doi:10.3390/antiox10040556

Martina Jakovljević Kovač, Maja Molnar + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10040556

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Abstract

In this study, for the first time, the adsorption/desorption characteristics of carnosic acid and carnosol from deep eutectic solvent extract of Salvia officinalis on five macroporous resins (HP20, XAD7HP, XAD16N, HP21, HP2MG) were evaluated. The high adsorption and medium desorption capacities of carnosic acid and carnosol as well as antibacterial and antiradical activity from the extract obtained with choline chloride:lactic acid (1:2) on XAD7HP resin indicated that resin was appropriate. To get the optimal separation process, the influence of factors such as adsorption/desorption time and volume of desorbent was further investigated. The results showed that the extract with high antiradical and antibacterial activity was obtained via adsorption and desorption on XAD7HP resin. The extraction efficiencies of the deep eutectic solvents (DESs) recycled once, twice, and thrice were 97.64% (±0.03%), 93.10% (±0.66%), and 88.94% (±1.15%), respectively, for carnosic acid, and 96.63% (±0.04%), 94.38% (±0.27%), and 91.19% (±0.36%), respectively, for carnosol, relative to the initial solvent efficiency. Based on that, this method is a promising basis for the large-scale preparation of extracts from Salvia officinalis with further application in the pharmaceutical or food industry, especially for maintaining the “green” character of the whole process to obtain the appropriate extract.

Highlights

IntroductionSage (Salvia officinalis L.), as a member of the Lamiaceae family, exhibits these properties, such as the pleasant aroma and positive health effects
In order to determine the best resin as well as a solvent for desorption of carnosic acid and carnosol for the first time, as shown in Figure 1, the experiment was performed with different resins and solvents, and at different process parameters including the time of adsorption and desorption as well as the volume of desorbent
Since polyphenols containing benzene rings and hydrogen groups may be of different polarity, five resins, including HP21, HP20, XAD16N, HP2-MG, and XAD7HP, were screened for the possibility of adsorption and desorption of carnosol and carnosic acid from the deep eutectic extract of Salvia officinalis

Summary

Introduction

Sage (Salvia officinalis L.), as a member of the Lamiaceae family, exhibits these properties, such as the pleasant aroma and positive health effects. These are the reasons for its use in culinary preparations and folk medicine, to treat various health conditions, such as inflammatory symptoms, respiratory problems, and mental and nervous disorders [1,2]. The complex composition of plants of the Lamiaceae family, including sage, includes bioactive components with an emphasis on terpenes (monoterpenes, diterpenes, triterpenes), flavonoids (lutein, apigenin, and quercetin) [3,4], and phenolic components (caffeic, vanillic, ferulic, and rosmarinic acids), which are highly bioactive with positive health impacts [5,6,7].

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