Determination Of Sonographic Common Abdominal Findings Among Patients Suffering From Typhoid Fever

Abstract

Typhoid fever is a potentially multi systemic and fatal illness, and this serious systemic infection caused by salmonella enterica serotype typhi and paratyphi which are both gram-negative bacteria
 Objectives: To determine the sonographic common abdominal findings among patients suffering from typhoid fever.
 Methods: This research was conducted at Al Qaim Ultrasound Centre and Islamia Hospital Chiniot in nine months duration. Honda Electronics (HS 2000, HS 2200, and Toshiba just vision) machines were used. Frequency range of 3.5-5.00 MHz was used. All the patients were enrolled voluntarily after explaining the procedure to the patient thoroughly. Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 was used to evaluate the data
 Results: In this study 176 patients were included, which clinically diagnosed suffering from typhoid fever and laboratory findings also showing positive results. All male and female patients of all age groups, who were clinically suspected of having typhoid fever, either acute or chronic. All male and female healthy individuals and noncooperative patients. Out of 176 patients, 91 were female and 85 males. Laboratory findings, 47(26.7%),56(31.8%),21(11.9%),52(29.5%) patients having (TyphidotIgG), (TyphidotIgM), (TyphidotIgG, IgM), (Widal) positive results respectively. Common abdominal findings on ultrasonography were 62(35.2%) patients with having hepatomegaly, and 88(50%) patients with splenomegaly. Mesenteric lymph adenitis showed only in 21(11.9%) patients. Results showed 27(15.3%) patients with bowel wall thickening, and 13(7.4%) patients with having acalculous-cholecystitis.
 Conclusions: Ultrasonography is a useful and helpful tool in diagnosing the typhoid fever, especially when serological tests are time consuming or showing negative results or cultures. Ultrasonography is also a quick, economical and non-invasive procedure.