Abstract
Honey is an important bee product of greater nutritional value. Ethiopia is one of the main producers of it. Honey is known to accumulate trace metals which are essential as well as toxic. Moreover...
Highlights
Honey is a natural sweet substance produced by bees (Apis mellifera) from the nectar of different plants, as well as from honeydew (Codex Alimentarius Commission Standards, 2002)
None of the honey samples exceeded the permitted limit established by the European Community Directive (Codex Alimentarius Commission Standards, 2002)
As moisture content is dependent on botanical origin, harvest season, and proper time of extraction, there was a significant variation between honeys from different regions
Summary
Honey is a natural sweet substance produced by bees (Apis mellifera) from the nectar of different plants, as well as from honeydew (Codex Alimentarius Commission Standards, 2002). It is a highly hygroscopic and very concentrated aqueous solution of sugars with complex matrix. Organic acids, proteins, enzymes, hormones, yeast, vitamins, minerals, and heavy metals (Kujawski & Namieśnik, 2008; Wang & Li, 2011). Excess intake of such elements still can cause chronic toxicity (Ashenef, 2014). Flame & graphite furnace system (PG990, United Kingdom) equipment fitted with appropriate hollow cathode lamps was used for metal analysis. A lamp and an airacetylene flame were used. Analytical balances (Mettler Toledo, Switzerland), Abbe refractometer (ATAGO, UK), pH meter (JENWAY 3510, UK) were used
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