Determination of serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin by a nephelometric immunoassay for differential diagnosis of alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver diseases

Abstract

BackgroundCarbohydrate-deficient transferrin is a biological marker of excessive drinking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of a direct nephelometric immunoassay for the differential diagnosis of alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver diseases in comparison with gamma glutamyl transferase. MethodsSerum samples were obtained from 305 subjects, including 122 patients with alcoholic and 102 cases with non-alcoholic liver diseases. Serum levels of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin were expressed as a percentage of total transferrin. ResultsSerum % carbohydrate-deficient transferrin levels were significantly higher in patients with alcoholic than with non-alcoholic liver diseases. Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin had better specificity than gamma glutamyl transferase to differentiate between alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver diseases.There were 8 alcoholic liver disease patients with normal gamma glutamyl transferase levels, and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin was significantly elevated in 6 of them. On the other hand, there were 25 non-alcoholic liver disease patients with elevated gamma glutamyl transferase levels; their carbohydrate-deficient transferrin levels were within the reference intervals in all cases. ConclusionThis simple carbohydrate-deficient transferrin immunoassay is useful to detect so-called gamma glutamyl transferase non-responding drinkers and also to exclude the possible role of excessive drinking in apparently non-alcoholic liver diseases. A large-scale prospective study is needed to further confirm the diagnostic utility of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin.