Abstract
Simple SummaryThe objective of the project was to evaluate speciation of selenium (Se) in various tissues (the liver, heart, or muscles) obtained from lambs fed with a diet enriched with an inorganic and organic chemical form of Se (i.e., selenite and Se-enriched yeast, respectively).Identification and quantification of the selenium species in biological tissues is imperative, considering the need to properly understand its metabolism and its importance in various field of sciences, especially nutrition science. Although a number of studies deals with the speciation of selenium, speciation analysis is still far from being a routine task, and so far strongly depends on the type of the samples. We present a study aimed to examine speciation analysis of Se in tissues of livers, muscles, and hearts obtained from lambs, namely in liver, muscle, and heart. The studied lambs were fed with the diet enriched with an inorganic (as sodium selenate) and organic chemical form of Se (as Se-enriched yeast) compounds with simultaneous addition of fish oil (FO) and carnosic acid (CA). The first part of the work was focused on the optimization of the extraction procedure of selenium compounds from tissues. Next, hyphenated high performance liquid chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC–ICP–MS) was used for the identification of five seleno-compounds—Se-methionine (SeMet), Se-cystine (SeCys2), Se-methyl-Se-cysteine (SeMetSeCys), and Se(IV) and Se(VI). Verification of the identified seleno-compounds was achieved using triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer coupled to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC–ESI–MS/MS). The applied procedure allowed for quantitative analysis of SeMet, SeCys2, and SeMetSeCys, in biological tissues. The developed analytical protocol is feasible for speciation analysis of small molecular seleno-compounds in animals samples.
Highlights
Interest in selenium speciation in biological materials has been increasing since selenium (Se)(rarely considered a metalloid) was recognized as a crucial trace element in living systems
The selection of sample preparation procedure for selenium speciation analysis is going to be dependent on the matrix, the chemical form of selenium expected in the sample, and the instrumentation selected for further separation and identification of the species [31]
The most important scientific novelty of our current studies was analyzing the effect of simultaneous addition of carnosic acid (CA), fish oil (FO), CA, and Se (SeY in particular), to feed on the profile of physiologically important seleno-compounds in lamb tissues
Summary
Interest in selenium speciation in biological materials has been increasing since selenium (Se)(rarely considered a metalloid) was recognized as a crucial trace element in living systems. Selenium compounds have antioxidant functions [1], have anticancer properties [2,3,4], affect the cardiovascular system [5], and reduce the activity of viruses including HIV [6]. A proper diet or supplementation with selenium compounds allows to maintain a proper level of this element in the body. The selenium supplements could be either in the form of inorganic mineral salts, such as sodium selenate (Na2 SeO4 ) or selenite. Animals 2020, 10, 808; doi:10.3390/ani10050808 www.mdpi.com/journal/animals (Na2 SeO3 ), or in the organic form of Se-enriched yeast. The last one contains a mixture of organic seleno-compounds with Se-methionine (SeMet) being the predominant source of Se. Dietary SeMet and Se-cysteine (SeCys) are naturally occurring amino acids that have structures similar to methionine and cysteine, except that Se replaces sulfur [7]
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