Abstract
In this study, a preconcentration procedure was developed for the determination of selenium in food samples using high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS GFAAS). Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were used as a solid sorbent in ultrasound-assisted dispersive micro solid-phase extraction (USA DMSPE) during the preconcentration step. The experimental parameters including pH of the sample solution, the amount of halloysite nanotubes, and ultrasonication time, as well as the main parameters of HR-CS GFAAS, were optimized. The limit of detection of total selenium was 0.01 μg/L and the achieved preconcentration factor was 18. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 6–9%. The accuracy of this method was validated by analyses of NIST SRM 1567a (wheat flour) and NIST SRM 1549 (non-fat milk powder) certified reference materials. Selenium contents measured in these reference materials were in satisfactory agreement with the certified values according to the t test for a 95% confidence level. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of selenium in food samples (corn flour, rice flour, oat flour, buckwheat flour, garlic, cranberries, goji berries, and raisins).
Highlights
Selenium (Se) is an essential nutrient of fundamental importance to human health
A recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of 55 μg per day and a tolerable upper intake level (UL) of 400 μg per day have been established for Se
Even though the chemicals used during this research were of the best quality available, there are still several possible sources of contamination, e.g., Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) used as an adsorbent
Summary
Selenium (Se) is an essential nutrient of fundamental importance to human health. This trace mineral is a component of many metabolic pathways, e.g., the metabolism of thyroid hormone (Brown and Arthur 2001; Arthur et al 2003). Selenium is a strong antioxidant, which, along with antioxidant vitamins, plays a protective role against the harmful effects of free radicals, hydrogen, and organic peroxides (Terry and Diamonds 2012). Another positive effect on the human body is the neutralization of the toxic effects of certain xenobiotics, especially toxic elements Its deficiency and toxicity concentrations are very close; taking into account the main toxic symptoms associated with Se (selenosis), the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) has set the oral reference dose (RfD) for Se, based on an epidemiological study, at 5 μg/kg body weight per day (US EPA 2018)
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