Abstract
Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) technology is one of the fastest growing technologies and most demanding application all over the world. But the health implication of its equipment used or installed in residential area has become subject debate among Nigerian. This work, made an attempt to determine the safety distance for installing GSM mast in residential area by measuring power density radiated from the foot of the GSM mast at different distances; 10m, 15m, 20m, 25m, 30m, 35m, 40m, 45m and 50m. Fuzzy logic technique was used to forecast power density measured from the GSM mast as 38.9μW/m2, 9.26μW/m2, 9.30μW/m2, 9.24μW/m2, 2.47μW/m2, 2.47μW/m2, 2.38μW/m2, 2.37μW/m2 and 2.36e-6μW/m2. Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is computed as 1.09e-4W/Kg, 2.60e-5W/Kg, 2.61e-5W/Kg, 2.62e-5W/kg, 6.94e-6W/Kg, 6.69e-6W/Kg, 6.66e-6/Kg and 6.63e-6W/Kg from the forecasted power density respectively. The calculated SAR is compared with the standard SAR values, for localize and whole part of the body (0.08Kg/W and 2.00Kg/W) given by the International Commission on Non – Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and found to be far below recommended level. This work also, suggested that, 10m is a good distance for installing GSM mast away from residential areas. Keywords : Power Density, Fuzzy Logic, Risk, Distance, Specific Absorption Rate and Safety
Highlights
The introduction of global system for mobile communication (GSM) has significantly solved the problems of communication in Nigeria
The smaller triangles at the base of the bigger triangles are formed when the bigger triangles overlap, which define the degree of truth or intersections between the bigger triangles given as SD∩MD, MD∩LD, LP∩MP, MP∩HP, LB∩AB and AB∩HB and these relationships range as follow 14.1 – 14.9 m, 35.1 – 39.9 m, 11.1 – 14.9 μW/m2, 3.6 – 13.4 μW/m2, 11.1 – 14.9 μW/m2 and 3.6 – 13.4 μW/m2 based on the scale chosen for a particular Membership Function (MF), respectively
The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) is determined as 19.87% from Equation (8) and model efficiency is validated as 80.13% and it is observed that, at 40m, 45m and 50m, the forecasted power density increased by 0.01μWm-1, while its corresponding Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) reduced by 0.03e-6 W/Kg
Summary
The introduction of global system for mobile communication (GSM) has significantly solved the problems of communication in Nigeria. Many literature reported that long term exposure of non-ionizing radiation may have effect on a specific part of a body like eyes (Hyland, 2000), brain (Leif, 2003; Sahar and Jabir, 2013), testes and pregnant women (Person, 1997 and Thomas et al, 2002). This is because, these parts of the human body have relatively insufficient blood to dissipate excessive heat generated due to non-ionizing radiation. This work proposes to determine the safety distance for installing GSM mast in residential area with the following objective; to measure power density from the foot of GSM mast at different distances (10m – 50m), develop simulation model of fuzzy logic to forecast the amount of the power density measured, from the previous and actual power density measured, use the values of the forecasted power density and compute the SAR compare the calculated SAR with the standard values of SAR for the whole and localize part of the body given by the ICNIRP and suggest the safety distance for installing GSM mast
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