Abstract
For welded bridge components, the knowledge of residual stresses induced by welding is essential to determine their effect on the fatigue life behavior resulting in optimal fatigue design and a better knowledge about the fatigue strength of these welded connections. The residual stresses of a welded component in an orthotropic steel bridge deck are determined with the incremental hole-drilling method. This method is specified by the American Society for Testing and Materials ASTM E837-13a and it can be used only when the material behavior is linear-elastic. However in the region of the bored hole, there are relaxed plastic strains present that can lead to significant error of the measured stresses. The hole-drilling procedure is simulated with three-dimensional finite element modeling including a simplistic model of plasticity. The effect of plasticity on uniform in-depth residual stresses is determined and it is concluded that residual stresses obtained under the assumption of linear-elastic material behavior are an overestimation. Including plasticity for non-uniform in-depth residual stress fields results in larger tensile and smaller compressive residual stresses. Larger tensile residual stresses cause premature fatigue failure. Therefore, it is important to take these larger tensile residual stresses into account for the fatigue design of a welded component.
Highlights
Steel is widely used for the construction of a large variety of bridges
The calibration coefficients from the finite element modeling with linear-elastic material behavior should equal the coefficients specified in ASTM
The incremental hole-drilling method can be used to evaluate high residual welding stresses for welded bridge constructions. This method only applies when material behavior is linear-elastic and the effect of including the real material properties with elastic-plastic behavior on residual stresses calculated according ASTM E837-13a is studied with three-dimensional finite element modeling
Summary
Steel is widely used for the construction of a large variety of bridges. Welding operations are commonly used to connect the structural members. X-ray diffraction is not the most practical method to determine residual stresses in large welds since there is only limited space available on most X-ray diffractometers This requires the material to be cut in smaller parts for the evaluation of the stresses. An orthotropic steel deck is used to perform residual stress measurements near a welded connection and a semi-destructive measurement technique is used. The incremental hole-drilling method is used to measure residual stresses in the welded steel components. By the evaluation of high residual welding stresses, plastic relaxed strains are introduced near the borehole This plastic behavior can possibly introduce significant errors in the calculation of the residual stresses since the hole-drilling method only applies when the material behavior remains linear-elastic [9,10]. Afterwards, non-uniform in-depthin-depth residual stresses studied bystudied evaluating evaluating experimental residual stress of an orthotropic experimental residual stress values of anvalues orthotropic steel deck. steel deck
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