Determination of renal blood flow with Doppler ultrasound and the hypertension prevalence and acid-base level in dogs with chronic renal failure

Lora Koenhemsi̇,Remzi Gönül

doi:10.30704/http-www-jivs-net.529095

Abstract

Chronic renal failure (CRF) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in dogs. The aim of this study is to investigate the renal Doppler measurements, blood hypertension and acid-base levels in dogs with chronic renal failure. Twenty-six dogs previously diagnosed with chronic renal failure were compared with twenty healthy dogs. A complete blood cell, biochemical profile, urinalysis, blood gasses, blood pressure were analyzed and changes in renal blood flow were measured by renal Doppler ultrasonography. The dogs with CRF had significantly higher serum blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and phosphorus concentration, significantly lower packed cell volume, and urine specific gravity than control dogs. Positive correlation was determined between serum creatinine levels and renal Doppler indices. There were significant decreases in blood pH and bicarbonate. Indirect blood pressure measurements were slightly increased in CRF dogs. Renal Doppler measurement was observed as a helpful tool in diagnosing the CRF in dogs. Identification of acidosis and hypertension may help in developing treatments that slow the rate of progression of chronic renal failure.

Highlights

Chronic renal failure (CRF) is defined as structural and/ or functional impairment of one or both kidneys (Polzin, 2011; Bartges, 2012)
A total of twenty-six dogs with previously diagnosed with chronic renal failure and twenty healthy dogs were included in our study
The majority of healthy dogs were under the age of 5, while the majority of dogs with CRF were over 10 years old

Summary

Introduction

Chronic renal failure (CRF) is defined as structural and/ or functional impairment of one or both kidneys (Polzin, 2011; Bartges, 2012). The most commonly used serum urea and creatinine levels may be normal even when only 25% of the nephrons have normal filtration capacity. These methods may remain incapable in the early stages of renal insufficiencies. Duplex Doppler ultrasonography, provides a real time information about the anatomy and dynamics of kidney. The first study on the detection of normal values in dogs was published by Nyland et al in 1993 (Nyland et al, 2002). Normal balance between vasoconstrictive and vasodilator factors deteriorates in time and intrarenal vasoconstriction occurs. Renal resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) measurements are used for the calculation of the resistance to tissue perfusion that

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