Abstract
As a result of oil hydration, waste is formed – phosphatide concentrate, which is a multicomponent system. Valuable components of the concentrate are vegetable oil and phosphatides, the separation of which is an urgent task for the industry. The process of treatment of sunflower phosphatide concentrate with citric acid (hydration) in order to more completely convert non-hydrated forms of phosphatides into hydrated ones and separate the oil from the concentrate was studied. A feature of the work is the study of the dependence of the yield and mass fraction of moisture in the extracted oil on the hydration process parameters. A sample of phosphatide concentrate with non-standard quality indicators according to SOU 15.4-37-212:2004 (CAS 3436-44-0) was studied: the mass fraction of moisture and volatile substances was 4.0 %, the mass fraction of phosphatides was 37.0 %. The concentrate was treated with citric acid solution at a temperature of 45 °C (10 % solution). Rational conditions for concentrate treatment were determined: duration (25 min) and citric acid concentration in relation to the mass of phosphatide concentrate (25 %). Under these conditions, the oil yield was 76.1 %, the mass fraction of moisture in the oil was 18.6 %. The indicators characterizing the suitability of the oil for consumption and its safety for the body are within the limits (acid value 3.7 mg KOH/g, peroxide value 5.1 ½ O mmol/kg) for the first-grade unrefined unwinterized sunflower oil according to DSTU 4492. Such oil can be used for refining, fatty acids and biodiesel production, and after additional purification – for processing into food products. The results of the study make it possible to use resources rationally and predict the yield and quality of the oil isolated from the phosphatide concentrate. The resulting oil can be an affordable raw material for various industries.
Highlights
Secondary resources of the processing industries of the agro-industrial complex have great potential
This will increase the efficiency of treatment of oil hydration waste with citric acid to obtain a valuable component – oil, which can be used in various fields
The following objectives were set: – to determine the organoleptic and physicochemical parameters of an experimental sample of phosphatide sunflower concentrate; – to determine the influence of treatment conditions of phosphatide concentrate on the yield and mass fraction of moisture of the extracted oil and determine rational conditions for phosphatide concentrate treatment; – to determine the quality of oil extracted from phosphatide concentrate under rational conditions
Summary
Secondary resources of the processing industries of the agro-industrial complex have great potential. The industry, processing multicomponent raw materials, mainly removes one component from them. The fat and oil industry has significant reserves to increase the level of integrated use of raw materials and secondary resources. Improving the technology of hydration waste processing for maximum oil extraction from phosphatide concentrate will reduce waste, optimize production modes, and allow rational use of material resources. In order to improve the technical and economic performance of hydration of vegetable oil phospholipids, it is advisable to improve the technology of high-quality phosphatide concentrates with the extraction of neutral oil. Of great importance is to increase the concentration of phospholipids in the commercial form of the product This area of research is important for the industry, as many industries need affordable raw materials of fatty nature
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