Determination of Pt and Pd in particles emitted from automobile exhaust catalysts using ion-exchange matrix separation and voltammetric detection

Abstract

We report on the ion-exchange separation of Pt and Pd from the main elements emitted from catalysts of gasoline-fueled cars by exploiting the selective chelating ion exchanger Lewatit MonoPlus TP-214. Pt and Pd were then eluted with a recovery of 92% and 96%, respectively, using an acidified solution of thiourea, and the eluent was analyzed by sequential voltammetry. The detection limits are 0.04 μg L−1 and 1 μg L−1 for Pt and Pd, respectively, and the relative standard deviation is about 4.0% (for n = 10). The procedure was successfully applied to particles emitted from automobile exhaust catalysts of four capacity engine vehicles. Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was also employed for reasons of comparison. Emission by four vehicles with 1400, 2600, 3200, and 4800 cc engines, respectively, ranged from 19 to 28 ng km−1 for Pt, and from 102 to 150 ng km−1 for Pd.