Determination of potential insect vectors and subgroups of aster yellows phytoplasma in the carrot (Daucus carota L.) (Apiaceae) cultivation areas of Ankara and Konya Provinces, Türkiye

Abstract

Aster yellows phytoplasma (16Sr-I, AYp) is a widespread plant pathogen affecting a wide range of economically important crops. AYp can be distributed widely via insect vectors and is associated with severe redness and yellowing in carrot leaves. The presence of potential insect vectors of aster yellows phytoplasma was investigated in the Ankara and Konya Provinces, the largest carrot production areas in Türkiye. Forty-five insect samples were collected during the field studies between March and September 2020. Morphological and molecular studies have shown that Neophilaenus campestris (Fallén, 1805) (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae), Empoasca decipiens Paoli, 1930 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and Psammotettix striatus (L., 1758) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) carried 16SrI-F phytoplasma. Psammotettix striatus collected from different locations contained subgroup 16SrI-R, as well. In addition, subgroup 16SrI-B was determined in Cicadula divaricata Ribaut, 1952 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and in a psyllid (Psylloidea: Psyllidae) species. Empoasca sp., Anaceratagallia sp. (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and Psammotettix confinis (Dahlbom, 1850) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) were determined as potential phytoplasma vectors. Phytoplasma 16Sr rRNA and insect cytochrome oxidase gene nucleotide sequences were used for phylogenetic analysis. The results will contribute to vector-based control of aster yellows phytoplasmas in carrot cultivation areas.