Determination of Polyphenols in Ilex kudingcha and Insect Tea (Leaves Altered by Animals) by Ultra-high-performance Liquid Chromatography-Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS) and Comparison of Their Anti-Aging Effects.

Jianfei Mu,Fuping Yang,Fang Tan,Xin Zhao,Xianrong Zhou,Xingyao Long,Yanni Pan

doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.600219

Abstract

Ilex kudingcha C.J. Tseng tea and insect tea, as traditional Chinese teas, are favored for their original craftsmanship, unique flavor, and biological functionality. In this study, ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS) was used to analyze the bioactive components of the extracts of Ilex kudingcha and insect tea, and D-galactose-induced aging mice were used to compare the in vivo anti-aging effects of Ilex kudingcha and insect tea extracts. The results were remarkable, UHPLC-QqQ-MS analysis showed that ITP contains 29 ingredients, while IKDCP contains 26 ingredients. However, due to the large differences in the content of the main chemical components in IKDCP and ITP, the effects are equally different. At the same time, the in vivo research results suggesting that the anti-aging effects of IKDCP and ITP (500 mg/kg) include the regulation of viscera indices of major organs; improvement in liver, skin, and spleen tissue morphology; decreased production of inflammatory cytokines; up regulation of SOD, CAT, GSH, GSH-PX, and T-AOC and down regulation of NO and MDA levels in serum and liver tissue; reductions in the concentration of pro-inflammatory factors, and increases in the concentration of anti-inflammatory factor. RT-qPCR and western blot assay also showed that IKDCP and ITP affect anti-aging by regulating the gene and protein expression of GSH-PX, GSH1, SOD1, SOD2, and CAT. The overall results indicate that ITP is more effective in treating oxidative damage in aging mice induced by D-galactose. Thus, ITP appears to be an effective functional drink owing to its rich nutritional components and anti-aging activities.

Highlights

Aging is a comprehensive and complex physiological and pathological process of the decline of body molecules, cells, organs, and other functions, and is the result of multiple factors (Finkel, 2000)
The results showed that vitamin C, Ilex kudingcha polyphenol extract (IKDCP), and insect tea polyphenol extract (ITP) alleviate the spleen tissue lesions of aging model mice induced by D-galactose
The arrangement of mouse liver cell cords in mice treated with vitamin C, IKDCP, and ITP was basically orderly, and the morphology was slightly changed, which can alleviate cell necrosis and liver tissue incompleteness caused by D-galactose treatment in mice

Summary

Introduction

Aging is a comprehensive and complex physiological and pathological process of the decline of body molecules, cells, organs, and other functions, and is the result of multiple factors (Finkel, 2000). With the increase in age, the amount of oxygen free radicals in the body accumulates, and the body is not in equilibrium, which will destroy the cell structure, and cause lipid peroxidation and cross-linking of protein and nucleic acid molecules. Problems such as decreased biological enzymatic activity as well as DNA gene mutations or abnormal replication occur (Clement et al, 2019; SánchezRodríguez et al, 2019). Those processes interfere with the normal metabolic activities of the human body, cause diseases, and accelerate human aging

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Results

Conclusion