Determination of Plant Parasitic Nematode Species of Tylenchida (Nematoda) in Apple (Pyrus malus L.) and Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Orchards in Bingöl Province of Turkey

Abstract

Plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are the leading source of damage to crops in agricultural production and they can cause very serious yield reductions. The Tylenchida (Nematoda) constitutes the most important group of PPNs due to containing a large number of economically important plant parasitic species. This study was conducted in apple (Pyrus malus L.) and walnut (Juglans regia L.) orchards in Bingöl (Turkey) between 2016 and 2017. For this purpose, total of 52 soil/root samples were taken from 20-40 cm depth of related areas during summer months. In laboratory, active PPNs were extracted from soil and roots parts by modified Baermann Funnel method. Obtained nematodes were killed at 60°C, fixed in TAF in mounted slides. PPNs belonging to Tylenchida were identified morphometrically and morphologically under the light microscope. As result of the study; eighteen PPN species were determined and classified under the Tylenchida order as three suborders, three superfamilies, four families and seven genera in the apple and walnut growing areas. The most encountered PPN species in this study were Filenchus filiformis, Helicotylenchus canadiensis, H. digonicus, H. vulgaris, Pratylenchoides alkani and Psilenchus hilarulus. All species were determined for the first time in the nematoda fauna of Bingöl province in apple and walnut orchards.