Determination of Phytochemicals and Anti-Bacterial Properties Evaluation of the Leaves Extracts of Psidium guajava (L) Myrtaceae

Abstract

The current study sought to assess the phytochemicals and antimicrobial activities of Psidium guajava Linnaeus leaves extracts. The contents of healthy free fresh leaves of Psidium guajava Linnaeus were analyzed for antibacterial efficacy using dichloromethane (DCM), palm wine, and n-hexane solvents. The presence of several chemical components was revealed by phytochemical analysis of the extracts. The Agar disc diffusion method was used to assess antibacterial activity against five clinically significant organisms. The extract's zone of inhibition against each organism was measured. The presence of phytochemicals such as tannins, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenol were discovered. Saponin was not found in all of the solvents tested. The antibacterial results showed that the n-hexane fraction had 44mm as zone inhibition against Bacillus subtilis at 25 mg/ml, followed by 42 mm in Escherichia coli at the same concentration, which was significantly higher than the standard amoxicillin at 25 ug. The highest zone of inhibition for DCM fraction was at 25 mg/ml (35 mm) and 10 mg/ml (25 mm) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. coli, respectively, with similar zones of inhibition to the standard. Finally, resistance was observed in P. aeruginosa, but significant inhibition was observed against B. subtilis (30mm), E. coli (15 mm), and S. aureus (15 mm) at 15%. As a result, Psidium guajava leaf extracts contain phytochemicals as well as significant antibacterial properties, particularly against B. subtilis and E. coli, and can be used to obtain useful lead compounds for the eventual synthesis of medicinally significant antioxidant and antibacterial agents.