Abstract
Cholera is severe watery diarrhea caused by pathogenic V. cholerae 01 or 0139 serogroups. In each year, 2.9 million people are affected by cholera worldwide and 95000 deaths occur from the disease annually. In Bangladesh, around 100000 people are affected by this disease and approximately 4500 deaths occur each year. In this study, a novel V. cholerae 01 serogroup-specific bacteriophage JSF4ϕ was used. This phage was able to lyse both the clinical and environmental pathogenic V. cholerae 01 serogroup strains and one of our previous studies demonstrated that the seasonal outbreaks of cholera caused by V. cholerae 01 serogroup strains in Bangladesh are mostly regulated by this bacteriophage. In this current study, we determined the optimum survivability factors of JSF4ϕ bacteriophages. This study showed that the temperature 2500C, pH 7 and normal saline are the optimal survivability factors for JSF4ϕ bacteriophages because, at these conditions, we have got the maximum number of plaque-forming units (PFU/mL) of these bacteriophages. This study also showed that the JSF4ϕ bacteriophages can survive at a wide range of temperature, pH and salinity. So, the study presented here may have an impact on the controlling of cholera epidemics caused by environmental and clinical pathogenic V. cholerae 01 serogroup strains if we can use JSF4ϕ bacteriophages as a biocontrol agent. This study may also have profound implications for future studies of JSF4ϕ bacteriophages as a good food additive or in phage therapy for its efficient lysing capacity against the pathogenic V. cholerae 01 serogroup strains.
Highlights
Vibrio cholerae is a facultative anaerobe, gramnegative, non-spore forming curved rod, about 1.041.06 μm long
We tried to determine the survivability factors of this bacteriophage and we have found that the temperature 25°C, pH 7 and normal saline are the optimal survivability factors for JSF4φ bacteriophages because, at these conditions, we have got the maximum number of plaque-forming unit (PFU/mL) of these bacteriophages
This study showed that the JSF4φ bacteriophages can survive at a wide range of temperature, pH and salinity (Uddin et al, 2014)
Summary
Vibrio cholerae is a facultative anaerobe, gramnegative, non-spore forming curved rod, about 1.041.06 μm long. It is classified based on its somatic - UniversePG I www.universepg.com antigens (O antigens) into serovers or serogroups, and there are at least 155 known serogroups (Maheshwari et al, 2011). V. cholerae 0139 was first identified in Bangladesh in 1992 This organism did not belong to any of the 138 known O serogroups of V. cholerae but to a new serogroup, which was later designated 0139. Vibrios are the most common organisms in surface waters of the world (Jensen et al, 2006) They occur in both marine and freshwater habitats and associations with aquatic animals (Jensen et al, 2006, Zo et al, 2002, Sack et al, 2003). A healthy person may become hypotensive within an hour of the onset of symptoms and may die within 2-3 hours if no treatment is provided (Todar et al, 2006; and Islam et al, 2020)
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