Determination of optimal operating conditions for a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell stack: optimal operating condition based on multiple criteria

Abstract

SUMMARY A methodology for optimal control of the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) with multiple criteria is presented here. In this regard, thermoelectric objectives and thermoeconomic objective are considered, simultaneously. The proposed fuel cell is a 1200 W Ballard PEMFC namely Nexa™ power module. The net power density and exergetic efficiency of the PEMFC are maximized, and the unit cost of the generated power is minimized in a multi-objective optimization procedure using the NSGA-II (non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm). Operating temperature and pressure, air stoichiometric coefficient at the cathode and the current density are considered as controlling parameters in order to acquire optimal performance of the PEMFC. A set of optimal solution namely the Pareto frontier is obtained, and a final optimal solution is selected from available solutions located on the Pareto frontier using the fuzzy decision-making process based on the Bellman–Zadeh approach. Results are compared with corresponding results obtained previously in single objective optimization scenarios. It has been shown that the optimal operating condition obtained based on the multiple criteria approach has least deviation from the ideal features of the fuel cell in comparison to the corresponding optimal solution obtained in conventional single-objective optimization approaches. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.