Determination of Optimal Indicators Based on Statistical Analysis for the State of Health Estimation of a Lithium-Ion Battery

Gaoya Shi,Hao Yuan,Xueyuan Wang,Heze You,Xuezhe Wei,Haifeng Dai,Siqi Chen

doi:10.3389/fenrg.2021.690266

Abstract

Online state of health (SOH) estimation is essential for lithium-ion batteries in a battery management system. As the conventional SOH indicator, the capacity is challenging to be estimated online. Apart from the capacity, various indicators related to the internal resistance are proposed as indicators for the SOH estimation. However, research gaps still exist in terms of optimal resistance-related indicators, online acquisition of indicators, temperature disturbance elimination, and state of charge (SOC) disturbance elimination. In this study, the equivalent circuit model parameters are identified based on recursive least square method in dynamic working conditions in the life span. Statistical analysis methods including multiple stepwise regression analysis and path analysis are introduced to characterize the sensitivity of the parameters to SOH estimation. Based on the above approach, the coupling relationship between the parameters is comprehensively analyzed. Results indicate that the ohmic resistance R0 and the diffusion capacitance Cd are the most suitable parameters for the SOH indication. Furthermore, R0 and Cd are proved to be exponentially correlated to the ambient temperature, while SOC demonstrates a quadratic trend on them. To eliminate the disturbance caused by the ambient temperature and SOC, a compensating method is further proposed. Finally, a mapping relationship between SOH and the indicators under normal operations is established. SOH can be estimated with the maximum error of 2.301%, which proves the reliability and feasibility of the proposed indicators and estimation method.

Highlights

Lithium-ion batteries are widely used as the primary energy storage for electric vehicles (EVs), owing to high energy density and low self-discharge rate (Chen et al, 2019; Liu et al, 2019)
ECM is widely used in the issues of parameter identification since it achieves a trade-off between accuracy and computational efficiency (Schmidt and Skarstad, 1997; Gomez et al, 2011)
The real-time value of open-circuit voltage (OCV) can be calculated based on the predefined state of charge (SOC)–OCV relationship, which originated from reference performance test (RPT) in Experimental Setup

Summary

Introduction

Lithium-ion batteries are widely used as the primary energy storage for electric vehicles (EVs), owing to high energy density and low self-discharge rate (Chen et al, 2019; Liu et al, 2019). Among the BMS functions, state of health (SOH) estimation is quite essential for timely maintenance and retirement. Online acquisition of indicators is the premise of the SOH estimation function. Many studies are conducted for the online SOH estimation of lithium-ion batteries, which involve battery aging mechanism confirmation (Broussely et al, 2005; Agubra and Fergus, 2013), battery life modeling (Ramadass et al, 2004; Gu et al, 2014a), accelerated life testing State of Health Indicator Determination et al, 2008; Gu et al, 2014b), and the conversion between real applications and lab applications (Takei et al, 2011; Hua et al, 2015; Sun and Xiong, 2015). The SOH indicator is the first and the most important thing

Methods

Results

Conclusion