Abstract
Currently, there is an interest in effective technologies that cause minimal environmental harm, have low financial costs and allow you to obtain products with high added value. One of the ways to increase the yield of light and medium fractions from oil bottom sediments is to use the electrohydraulic effect. The electrohydraulic phenomenon is a new industrial method of converting electrical energy into mechanical energy, which occurs without the influence of intermediate mechanical links, with high efficiency. Statistical processing of experimental data was carried out with the identification of the optimal mode of the electrohydraulic effect on the destruction of the oil bottom sediment. The influence of various factors is shown (duration of contact, distance between electrodes, amount of added catalyst, capacitance of capacitor and value of applied voltage). The use of the generalized equation made it possible to determine the following optimal conditions for the destruction of the oil bottom sediment using electrohydraulic treatment: duration 7 min, distance 8 mm, amount of added catalyst 1.5 %, capacitance 0.3 μF, applied voltage 14 kV. In terms of the significance of the coefficient (tr), it should be noted that the dominant factors are the distance between the electrodes and the amount of added catalyst. The individual chemical composition of the light and medium fractions of the original oil residue and the processed oil residue was determined. Comparison of the individual chemical composition of fractions up to 200 °С and 200–300 °С, obtained from the oil bottom sediment and from the hydrogenated product, allows to conclude that the electrohydraulic effect has an effective effect on the destruction of the organic mass of the oil bottom sediment. The optimal conditions for electrohydraulic treatment of the oil residue aere established and it is shown that it is possible to utilize the oil bottom sediments
Highlights
In the first middle of the XX century, it was found that when a specially formed pulsed high-voltage electric discharge is created inside the liquid volume, high pressures grow in the region of the latter, which can be used in practice
The electrohydraulic phenomenon is a new industrial method of converting electrical energy into mechanical energy, which occurs without the influence of intermediate mechanical links, with high efficiency
The aim of the work is to develop a technology for complex processing of oil bottom sediments using the electrohydraulic effect with an iron-containing catalyst and obtaining motor fuels and a valuable technical substance
Summary
In the first middle of the XX century, it was found that when a specially formed pulsed high-voltage electric discharge is created inside the liquid volume, high pressures grow in the region of the latter, which can be used in practice. The electrohydraulic phenomenon is a new industrial method of converting electrical energy into mechanical energy, which occurs without the influence of intermediate mechanical links, with high efficiency The base of this method is that when a specially formed pulsed electric (spark, brush and other forms) discharge passes through the volume of a liquid located in an open or closed vessel, around the zone of discharge formation, ultra-high hydraulic pressures are found, which can perform useful mechanical work and are accompanied by a complex of physical and chemical phenomena [2, 3]. There is a need to extract more and more light fractions from oil sludge due to the increasing consumption of light fuels This solves the problem of environmental protection and increasing the production of light distillates from oil sludge
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