Abstract
AbstractA description is given of a thermoelectric vapour phase osmometer for the determination of molecular weights or, more generally, of the osmotic activity of solutions. In this instrument the vapour pressure difference between a solution of the substance under investigation and the pure solvent is converted into a temperature difference between the junctions of one or more thermocouples. From a detailed consideration of the heat and mass transfer in the steady state, the temperature difference can be calculated. The theory is fully corroborated by some experiments on solutions in benzene and water of substances of known molecular weights. Finally, an application of the method to the determination of the molecular weights of some polystyrene samples, ranging between 3 000 and 14 000, is discussed. The upper limit lies around 30 000 with an accuracy of about 10%.
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