Determination of metal ions in Paris polyphylla var. Yunnanensis by ICP-OES and its influence on hemostasis

The content of metal ions in fruits is inseparable from plant intake of trace elements and health effects in the human body. To understand metal ion content in the fruit and pericarp of melon (Cucumis melo L.) and the candidate genes responsible for controlling this process, we analyzed the metal ion content in distinct parts of melon fruit and pericarp and performed RNA-seq. The results showed that the content of metal ions in melon fruit tissue was significantly higher than that in the pericarp. Based on transcriptome expression profiling, we found that the fruit and pericarp contained elevated levels of DEGs. GO functional annotations included cell surface receptor signaling, signal transduction, organic substance metabolism, carbohydrate derivative binding, and hormone-mediated signaling pathways. KEGG pathways included pectate lyase, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, H+-transporting ATPase, oxidative phosphorylation, plant hormone signal transduction, and MAPK signaling pathways. We also analyzed the expression patterns of genes and transcription factors involved in hormone biosynthesis and signal transduction. Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), a co-expression network was constructed to identify a specific module that was significantly correlated with the content of metal ions in melon, after which the gene expression in the module was measured. Connectivity and qRT–PCR identified five candidate melon genes, LOC103501427, LOC103501539, LOC103503694, LOC103504124, and LOC107990281, associated with metal ion content. This study provides a theoretical basis for further understanding the molecular mechanism of heavy metal ion content in melon fruit and peel and provides new genetic resources for the study of heavy metal ion content in plant tissues.

With industrialization, great amounts of trace elements and heavy metals have been excavated and released on the surface of the earth and dissipated into the environments. Rapid screening technology for detecting major and trace elements as well as heavy metals in variety of environmental samples is most desired. The objectives of this study were to determine the detection limits, accuracy, repeatability and efficiency of a X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (Niton XRF analyzer) in comparison with the traditional analytical methods, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-MS) in screening of major and trace elements of environmental samples including estuary soils and sediments, contaminated soils, and biological samples. XRF is a fast and non-destructive method in measuring the total concentration of multi--elements simultaneously. Contrary to ICP-OES and ICP-MS, XRF analyzer is characterized by the limited preparation required for solid samples, non-destructive analysis, increased total speed and high throughout, the decreased production of hazardous waste and the low running costs as well as multi-elemental determination and portability in the fields. The current comparative study demonstrates that XRF is a good rapid non-destructive method for contaminated soils, sediments and biological samples containing higher concentrations of major and trace elements. Unfortunately, XRF does not have sensitive detection limits of most major and trace elements as ICP-OES or ICP-MS but it may serve as a rapid screening tool for locating hot spots of uncontaminated field soils and sediments.

The effect of metal ions in dyebath on the color of wool fabrics dyed with six kinds of common wool dyes was investigated. The dyes chosen were acid mordant dyes, Palatin dyes, Acidol dyes, Polar dyes, Lanasol dyes, and Lanaset dyes. The dyes were divided into 23, and fabrics were treated separately with these dyes according to the corresponding dyeing process. The metal ion of Cr6+, Cr3+, Cu2+, Fe3+, and Al3+was added separately into the dyebath, the content of which was 3 mg/L, 30 mg/L, and 300 mg/L. The differences in color between the fabrics dyed using the metal-contain-process and the metal-free-process were compared. The color difference is positively correlated with the metal ion content. When the metal ion content was 3 mg/L, the color difference values (ΔE) of most dyed fabrics were less than 1.7±0.3 of CIELAB. Moreover, color fastness was greater than 4, which means that the effect of the metal ions to color difference is acceptable. When the metal ion content was 300 mg/L, the ΔE values of most dyes were greater than 13.6±1.0 of CIELAB, which means that the metal ions have obvious effects on color difference. When the metal ion content was 30 mg/L, the ΔE values ranged from 1.7±0.313.6±1.0 of CIELAB. Based on the recommendation of theGB250-1995 Gray Scale for Assessing Change in Color(equivalent to the ISO 105/A02-1993 Textile-tests for Color Fastness-grey Scale for Assessing Change in Color), the ΔE value 1.7±0.3 of CIELAB and Grade 4 color fastness were used as the threshold to assess the results. When the metal ion content was 3 mg/L, Cu2+and Fe3+had low influence on the Palatin dyes, in which the color difference and the color fastness were less than the threshold. Meanwhile, Cu2+and Fe3+had excessive effects on the other kinds of dyes, with the ΔE values beyond the threshold. However, Cr3+had excessive influence on the Palatin dyes, with the color difference and the color fastness exceeding the threshold. In contrast, Cr3+had a smaller effect on the other kinds of dyes, with the ΔE values conforming to the threshold. Al3+had a significant effect on the acid mordant dyes, with the ΔE values beyond the threshold. In contrast, Al3+had a smaller effect on the other kinds of dyes, which were within the threshold. Cr6+had no significant effect on the kinds of dyes, in which the ΔE values did not exceed the threshold. When the metal ion content was 30 mg/L or 300 mg/L, we obtained mixed results. The color difference and color fastness values of kinds of dyes in the present study met the threshold, whereas some kinds of dyes were not within the threshold. The result has practical utility for setting the standards for water recycling in the wool dyeing industry.

Tea is one of the most consumed beverages across the world as it refreshes their psychic health rejuvenating them from stress. The aim of the present work is to determine the heavy metals and physicochemical parameters present in green tea (GT) made from major brands available in the local Indian market, more specifically heavy metals Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), Selenium (Se) and Zinc (Zn). A total of four samples were investigated with the Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES). Arsenic concentration was not detected in any one of the samples. Cr concentration was found to be the same in all the samples at a very low concentration of 0.001mg kg-1, Cd concentration varies from 0.04 to 0.07 mg kg-1, Pb concentration varies from 0.03 to 0.08 mg kg-1, Se concentration varies from 0.068 to 0.098 mg kg-1 and Zn concentration varies from 9.45 to 18.16 mg kg-1 respectively and their concentration levels are below the permissible limits of WHO. The concentrations of present anion groups like SO42-, S2-, NO3-, NO2-, PO43- and NH3 in the selected samples were high and might affect the health of the consumers of green tea.

Nanoscale coordination polymers (NCPs) constructed by metal ions and organic ligands via metalligand bonds have attracted great attention for their biomedical application. Herein, a new type of NCP...

Lead–antimony alloys are used in certain applications where ductile alloys are required. The physical properties of the alloy will depend primarily on the chemical composition, in this case, the amount of antimony present. Antimony will inhibit corrosion, change the density, and also increase the hardness of the alloy. An analytical test procedure making use of an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) was needed for the accurate and precise determination of the antimony content of lead–antimony alloys. The sample for analysis was prepared with an internal standard and quantified using an ICP-OES. Cadmium was selected as internal standard because it emits at a wavelength close to antimony and it has a first ionisation potential almost the same as antimony. Three certified reference materials were analysed. The results obtained for three reference materials were precise and accurate. Day-to-day repeatability was better than 1.4% m/m. Within-day repeatability of an alloy was 0.016% m/m.

Progress improving zinc nutrition globally is slowed by limited understanding of population zinc status. This challenge is compounded when small differences in measurement can bias the determination of zinc deficiency rates. Our objective was to evaluate zinc analytical accuracy and precision among different instrument types and sample matrices using a standardized method. Participating laboratories analyzed zinc content of plasma, serum, liver samples, and controls, using a standardized method based on current practice. Instrument calibration and drift were evaluated using a zinc standard. Accuracy was evaluated by percent error vs. reference, and precision by coefficient of variation (CV). Seven laboratories in 4 countries running 9 instruments completed the exercise: 4 atomic absorbance spectrometers (AAS), 1 inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES), and 4 ICP mass spectrometers (ICP-MS). Calibration differed between individual instruments up to 18.9% (p < 0.001). Geometric mean (95% CI) percent error was 3.5% (2.3%, 5.2%) and CV was 2.1% (1.7%, 2.5%) overall. There were no significant differences in percent error or CV among instrument types (p = 0.91, p = 0.15, respectively). Among sample matrices, serum and plasma zinc measures had the highest CV: 4.8% (3.0%, 7.7%) and 3.9% (2.9%, 5.4%), respectively (p < 0.05). When using standardized materials and methods, similar zinc concentration values, accuracy, and precision were achieved using AAS, ICP-OES, or ICP-MS. However, method development is needed for improvement in serum and plasma zinc measurement precision. Differences in calibration among instruments demonstrate a need for harmonization among laboratories.

Quantification of phosphorus (P) and determination of the occurrence forms of P in solid fuels are important to thermochemical processing of P-containing solid fuels. This study has developed a new three-step method for separating and quantifying the total P in a solid fuel into five major P-containing fractions. These consist of three organic P-containing fractions (i.e., acid-soluble organic P, two acid-insoluble organic P including P in lipids and P in nucleic acids and other acid-insoluble organic structures) and two inorganic P-containing fractions (i.e., acid-soluble inorganic P and acid-insoluble inorganic P). The first step of this new method uses cold 0.6 M HClO4 to extract the acid-soluble P species. The extracted solution is then neutralized, followed by selectively converting the acid-soluble organic P in the solution into orthophosphate (PO43–), pyrophosphate (P2O74–), and tripolyphosphate (P3O105–) by UV irradiation in the presence of H2O2. The second step of this new method uses an ethanol/chloroform mixture to extract the residue from the first step to yield a solution for quantifying the contents of P in acid-insoluble phospholipids using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). The third step of this new method uses buffered NaCl solution at 100 °C to extract P in nucleic acids and other acid-insoluble organic structures from the residue of the second step into a solution for subsequent quantification using ICP-OES. The acid-insoluble inorganic P in the residue is then quantified using ICP-OES after HF/HNO3/H2O2 acid digestion. The new method is validated with a comprehensive set of standard samples loaded with known amounts of single or mixed P-containing species with known occurrence forms. Compared to the large errors of the conventional Standards, Measurements and Testing method, complete P recovery is achieved with minimal errors. Further applications of the new method to seven different solid fuels also achieve close to 100% mass balance of P. The results demonstrate that the new method is suitable for quantifying various forms of P in solid fuels.

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy and precision of airborne metal analysis using polyvinyl chloride(PVC) membrane filter by pretreatment methods. Methods: A total of 75 spiked PVC samples for Cr, Fe and Mn ranged from 6 ug/sample to 40 ug/sample were used to evaluate recovery rates for three pretreatment methods: acid extraction, hot plate ashing and microwave digestion. For Mn, an additional 75 spiked mixed cellulose ester(MCE) membrane filters were analysed to compare the recovery rates of PVC samples. All samples were analysed with an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer(ICP-OES) and manganese samples were additionally analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometer(AAS). Results: The overall mean recovery rates of PVC samples for Cr, Fe and Mn were 90% or higher regardless of pretreatment methods, but there were statistically significant differences in recovery rates for Cr(p<0.05) and Mn(p<0.01) samples by pretreatment methods. The biases and the coefficient variations of PVC samples for three metals pretreated with three kinds of pretreatment methods ranged from 1.7% to 4.7% and from 1.6% to 6.5%, respectively. The manganese PVC samples pretreated by microwave digestion and analyzed with ICP-OES had the lowest bias at 1.9% and also showed lower bias than the bias for MCE samples, 2.7%. Conclusions: In order to accurately analyze the metals sampled with PVC membrane filters, microwave digestion and ICP-OES can be recommended.

Boron element is widely distributed in different geologic bodies, and there are important geo-chemical applications in earth science. Halite is a common mineral found in sediment basin. However there is no good method to accurately measure the boron content in halite, which is mainly because Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) are limited by the high salt matrix interference and the instrument detection limit. Thus enriching the boron element and removing the matrix interference are necessary before the measuring. In this paper, Amberlite IRA 743 boron-specific resin was applied to enrich the boron element and remove most of the high-salt matrix. The strong acid cation resin (Dowex 50 W×8, 200-400 mesh, USA) and weak-base anion resin (Ion Exchanger II, Germany) were mixed with equal volume, which could remove the foreign ions completely: meanwhile, the relative content of boron in the solution reached above 98%, and the recoveries ranged from 97.8% to 104%. 208.900 nm was chosen as the detection wavelength for ICP-OES, and the detection identification and quantification limits were 0.006 mg·L−1 and 0.02 mg·L−1, respectively. 11B was chosen as the measuring element for ICP-MS, and the detection identification and quantification limits were severally 0.036 mg·L−1 and 0.12 mg·L−1. The relative standard deviations ranged from 1.4% to 3.4% through six replicates under different salinities. Therefore, the process could be regarded as a feasible method to measure boron content in halite by ICP-OES and ICP-MS.

Currently, the quantitative analysis methods for uranium that are widely used in laboratories, such as the volumetric method and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) cannot achieve low cost, simple operation, and little influence by other elements. The inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) has a wide linear range, and high stability, and can be used to identify multiple elements simultaneously. However, when ICP-OES is used for quantitative analysis of uranium, the settings for the RF power, nebulizer flow, and pump rate can affect the analysis results. In this work, these parameters were carefully optimized for identifying uranium. Based on experiments, we selected two spectrum peaks 409.014 nm and 424.167 nm for quantitative analysis with the lowest interference. The optimal parameters obtained are atomizer flow rate of 0.75 L/min, a sample pumping rate of 1.6 mL/min, and a high-frequency power of 1400 W. Then we compared the accuracy of the volumetric method, ICP-MS method and ICP-OES method with the optimized parameter for analysis of experimental samples and references. The results showed that the ICP-OES with the optimized parameters proposed in this paper can be used to perform a convenient, quick, and efficient quantitative analysis of uranium in minerals.

In order to evaluate the slurry nebulization method as an alternative method for the analysis of tea, the metal ion content of tea samples of different origins was determined. The concentrations of six elements, Al, Ba, Ca, Mg, Mn and Zn, were determined by introducing tea as a slurry into an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). Calibration was performed by using either aqueous standard solutions or by using the simplified generalized standard additions method (GSAM). The simplified GSAM is an expansion of the conventional standard additions method, based on the principle of varying both the sample mass and the amount of standard solution added. Initially the tea was ground for 3 h prior to slurry preparation. A carbonization procedure was included before the sample was ground. The grinding time was reduced to only 30 min. For comparison, tea was also digested by boiling in acid and being introduced into the plasma as an aqueous solution. The results obtained using slurry analysis were much higher than the results obtained from digested tea using aqueous standards for calibration. The metal content of the tea samples was found to be suitable for differentiating amongst the tea samples studied. The accuracy of the method was checked by analyzing a tea certified reference material. The Student's t-test showed that values obtained using slurry nebulization were close to the certified values at a 95% confidence level. The simplified GSAM was applied to further confirm the accuracy of the slurry technique, and the values obtained using this method were comparable with those obtained using the slurry method with aqueous calibration. The slurry method can, therefore, be successfully applied to the analysis of tea leaves without the need to pre-dissolve them. This could avoid the use of hazardous chemicals, incomplete dissolution and loss of volatile analytes.

An extraction and sensitive differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetric (DPASV) method at a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) is described for the determination of Zn, Cu, Pb (mg g1) and Cd (ng g1) metal ions in water and 0.1 M HCl extracts for kakade, anise, cumin, caraway and black pepper. The procedure in water extract is based on the determination of four trace metal ions in presence of protein and carbohydrate at natural pH's. The extracted species in water extract acts as an electrolyte. The influence of extraction times on the content of proteins, carbohydrates and trace metal ions as well as pH values is demonstrated. DPASV could be able to determine Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu for kakade or Zn and Pb for anise in water extract in presence of 42 or 37% protein in dissolved organic matter (DOM). For cumin, caraway and black pepper, DPASV method could not be able to determine four metal ions in water extract in presence of 74-43% protein in DOM. Two wet digestion procedures (HNO3/H2O2 and HCl/H2O2) are applied to determine four metal ions in cumin, caraway and black pepper. Wet digestion process with HNO3/H2O2 efficiently destroys dissolved organic matter, thus enabling voltammetric measurements in presence of <19% protein. The proposed methods are shown to be applicable for Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu speciation before and after entering stomach

This study was conducted to assess the level of metal pollution in sediment samples at two different locations at Saphan Hin, which received water from Bang-Yai canal. The total content of Tin (Sn), Lead (Pb), and Zinc (Zn) were measured using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) by aqua regia digestion. The ranges of metal concentration (mg kg-1) were 9.04 - 32.17 mg kg-1 and 6.33 - 36.52 mg kg-1 of Pb in Core A and B; and 32.83 - 68.49 mg kg-1 and 21.63 - 73.59 mg kg-1 of Zn in Core A and B, which is below the Sediment Quality Guidelines of Threshold Effects Concentration (TEC) (35.8 mg Pb kg-1 and 121 mg Zn kg-1). Sn was not detected (< 0.03 mg kg-1). Analysis of the geo-accumulation index (Igeo) clearly indicated that most of the analysed sediment samples were not contaminated with the studied metals since low Igeo values were observed (Igeo Pb and Igeo Zn < 0). The detected enrichment factor (EFPb) values between2.0 and 6.0 indicated moderate enrichment, while most of the sediments had EFZn values below 2 which exhibited deficiency to minimal enrichment. The EF values in this study (EF > 1.5) indicates a significant portion of the trace metals was delivered from non-crustal materials and that may be delivered by other sources. Correlation analysis showed positive relationships between Pb and Zn in both cores (r = 0.5** Core A and 0.941** Core B). The association of Pb and Zn is possibly because they originated from the same sources. The determination of other metals should be considered further.

In this study, a mixture of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), and dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent were reacted with hydroxylamine hydrochloride to produce polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/amidoximized polyacrylonitrile (AOPAN) spinning solution, and then a novel composite PVDF/AOPAN was fabricated by electrospinning technique. Later the electrospun PVDF/AOPAN nanofibers (NFs) were treated with KOH and pitched in (plunged in) mini-column to be used as an adsorbent material under continuous flow. The structural and morphological characterization of nanofibers membrane was determined using scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer(SEM/EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), and goniometer, the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) analysis was used to evaluate the adsorption capability. The effects of pH and metal ions concentration on the transport properties of PVDF/AOPAN nanofibers were also studied. The Langmuir model fits well with isotherm data for lead and copper and the Redlich–Peterson model for nickel, whereas pseudo-second order was the best to clearly delineate the investigated kinetics. The modified PVDF/AOPAN NFs showed excellent adsorption capability with very fast kinetics reaching the equilibrium in 90 min for lead, copper, and 60 min for nickel. EDS analysis of PVDF/AOPAN after metal adsorption confirmed the attachment of the metals. Obtained results illustrate that converting PAN to AOPAN enhanced the hydrophilicity drastically. The removal rate for lead, copper, and nickel reached 99.5% 99.5% 99.6% under 10 mg L−1 respectively, more interestingly for lead, even the concentration was 100 mg L−1, the removal rate still reached 98.1%. Moreover, the adsorbent displayed an excellent regeneration ability by using 0.5 M HCl. This study showed that PVDF/AOPAN is an effective adsorbent for Pb(II), Cu(II), and Ni(II) removal in trace amount.