Determination of metabolites of Geotrichum citri-aurantii treated with peppermint oil using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Abstract

Sour rot is a leading disease of citrus fruit caused by the postharvest pathogen Geotrichum citri-aurantii. It has been reported that essential oils can be used as substitutes for synthetic fungicides to control the pathogen. In this study, changes in metabolitesand antifungal effects ofG. citri-aurantii treated with peppermint oil (PO) were investigated. The inhibition rate of the mycelial growth increased as the PO concentration increased, and 6μl PO/disk resulted in a radial growth inhibition of 79.2%. The electrical conductivity of G. citri-aurantii treated with PO increased compared to the control. By comparing the metabolic profiles of treated and untreated G. citri-aurantii cells, a total of 53 distinct metabolites 9 were up-regulated and 44 were down-regulated were found, including 16 lipid metabolites, 6 carbohydrate metabolites, 2 amino acid metabolites, 5 alcohols, 2 glycoside metabolites, and 3 ketone metabolites, etc, and these metabolites are involved in 25 major metabolic pathways. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Chemical fungicides can effectively control G. citri-aurantii during fruit postharvest period. However, synthetic chemical fungicides have gradually led to buildup of resistance of fungil, which seriously causes the frequent of food-borne diseases. PO extracted from natural plants can be used as natural additive in many foods due to their antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal properties. Therefore, PO can be considered as a promising bacteriostatic agent for the defense of G. citri-aurantii during fruit postharvest period.