Abstract
An integrated centrifugal microfluidic device was developed to preconcentrate and detect hazardous mercury (II) in water with ionic liquid as environmentally friendly extractant. An automatically salt-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction on a centrifugal microfluidic device was designed, fabricated, and characterized. The entire liquid transport mixing and separation process was controlled by rotation speed, siphon valves, and capillary valves. Still frame images on the rotating device showed the process in detail, revealing the sequential steps of mixing, siphon priming, transportation between chambers, and phase separation. The preconcentration of red dye could be clearly observed with the naked eye. By combining fluorescence probe and microscopy techniques, the device was tested to determine ppb-level mercury (II) in water, and was found to exhibit good linearity and low detection limit.
Highlights
Trace mercury(II) (Hg2+) contamination in water is highly hazardous to the environment in general and to human health [1]
Ionic liquids (ILs)-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) was employed to highly preconcentrate ultra-trace mercury(II) followed by selective fluorescence detection (FD) to demonstrate very low detection limit [12]
When the disc was spun at these speeds, the centrifugal force and 400 μm-deep capillary valve prevented the liquid from moving past the siphon crest
Summary
Trace mercury(II) (Hg2+) contamination in water is highly hazardous to the environment in general and to human health [1]. There have been research efforts in developing low-cost and efficient alternatives to achieve high selectivity and sensitivity, by performing sample extraction and pre-concentration prior to detection [6,7,8]. Compared with LLE, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) is advantageous because of the simplicity in its operations, high enrichment factor, and small amount of solvents requirement [9]. IL-DLLME was employed to highly preconcentrate ultra-trace mercury(II) followed by selective fluorescence detection (FD) to demonstrate very low detection limit [12]. Manual operation of IL-DLLME was labor-intensive, instrument-dependent, time-consuming, and error-prone
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