Abstract
In this quality control study, four samples of Portland cement from four Sudanese factories (Atbra, Barbar, Sakhar and Elshamal) were subjected aiming to assess the percentage of mainly oxides in the Portland cement. The study revealed that the percentages of minerals oxides; Calcium oxide, Silicon dioxide, Aluminum oxide, Ferric oxide and Magnesium oxide of the four factories were in the specified limit of quality control according to the American Society for Testing and Materials - Cement (ASTM C150).
Highlights
Cement is a major industrial commodity that is manufactured commercially in over 120 countries. [1] Mixed with aggregates and water cement forms the ubiquitous concrete is used in the construction of buildings, road, bridges and other structure
The Silicon dioxide, and Calcium, Aluminum, Magnesium and Ferric oxide percentage and the limits of quality control standard were illustrated in table 1
The proper lime content is limited due to the lower early strength produced when lime content of ordinary Portland cement is too low and unsoundness when it is too high. [8] our study revealed that the calcium oxide percentage in Sakhar factory was slightly low comparison with other factories, all percentages of calcium oxide in four samples were in the normal range according to the American standard of Portland cement (p = 0.263)
Summary
Cement is a major industrial commodity that is manufactured commercially in over 120 countries. [1] Mixed with aggregates and water cement forms the ubiquitous concrete is used in the construction of buildings, road, bridges and other structure. The main constituent of the cement and clinker is calcium oxide (CaO) which is the major factor for cement quality. Portland cement clinker is made by sintering a precisely specified mixture of raw materials (raw meal, paste or slurry) containing elements, usually expressed as oxides, CaO, SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3 and small quantities of other materials. The method uses a very large molecule called EDTA which forms a complex with calcium and magnesium ions. [3] A blue dye called Eriochrome Black T (EBT) is used as the indicator This blue dye forms a complex with the calcium and magnesium ions, changing colour from blue to pink in the process.
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