Abstract
The main priority of our research is the proper development of agriculture, optimal use and protection of soil resources. Hazelnut is an important crop in the study area, a benchmark indicator of the ecological condition of the soil. The purpose of the research is to determine the indicators of the main diagnostic edifiers in gray-brown soils under hazelnuts (Corylus avellana L.) in different seasons in 2022–2023. Mature trees grown without irrigation and fertilizers can produce 15–20 kg/tree, and with intensive care the yield can reach 40 kg/tree. As a result of our research into determining the main levels of productivity of agricultural soils in the southern region of the Greater Caucasus, it was found that 72.0% of agricultural lands are loamy soils, and their pH values range between 4.8 and 7.2, most soils have average organic matter content, 50.15{\%} less calcareous and all soils are salt-free. Soil quality scale rating is 87 points in soils under hazelnuts. It has been established that the soils are 40% slightly acidic, 25% neutral, 70% less calcareous, loamy in texture and sufficient in organic matter content. The soils of the walnut orchard were 49{\%} and 26{\%} slightly and moderately acidic, 76% were less calcareous, and 9% were deficient in organic matter.
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